{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]],"date-time":"2026-04-21T17:01:48Z","timestamp":1776790908648,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,14]],"date-time":"2015-07-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1436832000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J of Rheum Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study was carried out to evaluate the prevalence of musculoskeletal manifestations in a sample of patients with diabetes mellitus (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DM<\/jats:styled-content>) and those with prediabetes and compare the findings between the two groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>One hundred and eighty\u2010eight patients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DM<\/jats:styled-content> and 125 prediabetic subjects were randomly enrolled in this cross\u2010sectional study. Demographic data and past history were recorded. Musculoskeletal physical examinations were done by a single rheumatologist. Regression analyses were employed to assess the crude and adjusted effects of determinants on <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DM<\/jats:styled-content> musculoskeletal manifestations (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DMMM<\/jats:styled-content>s).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Female\/male ratio was not significantly different between diabetic and prediabetic patients (4.4 <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic>. 4.7, respectively, <jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.9). However, diabetic patients were significantly older than the prediabetic ones (56.6 <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic>. 52\u00a0years, respectively, <jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.0001); 83.5% of diabetic patients and 52.8% of prediabetic ones had at least one musculoskeletal manifestation (<jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.0001). The prevalence of knee osteoarthritis and shoulder involvement were almost two times more common (<jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.0001 and <jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.015) in diabetic patients than in prediabetic ones (73.4% <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic>. 38% and 21.2% <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic>. 9.5%, respectively). Prevalence of carpal tunnel syndrome (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CTS<\/jats:styled-content>) was 48% and 36.5% in patients with diabetes and prediabetes, respectively (<jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.053). Multivariate backward regression analysis showed age, sex, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BMI<\/jats:styled-content> (body mass index) and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DM<\/jats:styled-content> as the significant determinants in development of musculoskeletal manifestations in all subjects. Age and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BMI<\/jats:styled-content> were the only significant factors associated with musculoskeletal manifestations in both diabetic and prediabetic patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Diabetic and prediabetic patients may show high prevalence of musculoskeletal manifestations. In non\u2010diabetic patients diagnosed with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CTS<\/jats:styled-content>, prediabetes might be ruled out.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1756-185x.12712","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,14]],"date-time":"2015-07-14T21:08:01Z","timestamp":1436908081000},"page":"791-799","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Musculoskeletal manifestations in diabetic versus prediabetic patients"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Alimohammad","family":"Fatemi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Isfahan Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bijan","family":"Iraj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Isfahan Endocrine and Metabolism Research Center Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Isfahan 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