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Recent years have seen the in\u2010depth characterization of the human microbiome and associations with diseases. Linking of the composition or number of the human microbiota with diseases and traits date back to the original work of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">E<\/jats:styled-content>lie <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">M<\/jats:styled-content>etchnikoff. Recent advances in genomic technologies have opened up finer details and dynamics of this new science with higher precision. Microbe\u2010rheumatoid arthritis connection, largely related to the gut and oral microbiomes, has showed up as a result \u2013 apart from several other earlier, well\u2010studied candidate autoimmune diseases. Although evidence favouring roles of specific microbial species, including <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">P<\/jats:styled-content>orphyromonas<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic> <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">P<\/jats:styled-content>revotella<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">L<\/jats:styled-content>eptotricha<\/jats:italic>, has become clearer<jats:italic>,<\/jats:italic> mechanistic insights still continue to be enigmatic. Manipulating the microbes by traditional dietary modifications, probiotics, and antibiotics and by currently employed disease\u2010modifying agents seems to modulate the disease process and its progression. In the present review, we appraise the existing information as well as the gaps in knowledge in this challenging field. We also discuss the future directions for potential clinical applications, including prevention and management of rheumatoid arthritis using microbial modifications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1756-185x.12728","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,19]],"date-time":"2015-09-19T11:04:29Z","timestamp":1442660669000},"page":"8-20","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Does the buck stop with the bugs?: an overview of microbial dysbiosis in rheumatoid arthritis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Pulukool","family":"Sandhya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology Christian Medical College Vellore Tamil Nadu India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Debashish","family":"Danda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology Christian 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