{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T14:58:01Z","timestamp":1740149881604,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,26]],"date-time":"2016-07-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1469491200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008956","name":"National AIDS Control Organization, India (NACO)","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008956","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J of Rheum Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>Children with human immunodeficiency virus (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>) infection usually present with recurrent and unusual infections. Although reported among adults, arthritis as a predominant presentation in children with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content> is rare. Reactive arthritis is considered to be the most common musculoskeletal manifestation in adults with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content> infection. However, in children, septic or <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010related arthritis has been described. We report four children having arthritis with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content> disease and their long\u2010term outcome; out of which three had human leukocyte antigen (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HLA<\/jats:styled-content>)\u2010B27\u2010related arthritis. It is important to be aware of arthritic presentation of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content> disease in children to prevent delay in diagnosis and initiation of appropriate therapy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Clinical profile of children with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content> infection who presented with arthritis and registered at the Pediatric Immunodeficiency Clinic at <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PGIMER<\/jats:styled-content>, Chandigarh were reviewed and analyzed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 796 children with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content> infection are registered in the Pediatric Immunodeficiency Clinic since January 1994. Among these, four children had arthritis, and it was the presenting manifestation in two of them. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HLA<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010B27 related arthritis was noted in three children, while one had <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010associated arthritis. None of the children had septic arthritis. Arthritis resolved on treatment with antiretroviral therapy (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ART<\/jats:styled-content>) in two children, while others responded to anti\u2010inflammatory agents and the joint symptoms remained quiescent on follow\u2010up with a total follow\u2010up period of 21.5 patient years.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Clinicians must be aware of the arthritic presentation of childhood <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content> infection. High degree of suspicion must be entertained to screen for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content> infection in children with arthritis, especially in those with reactive arthritis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1756-185x.12947","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,26]],"date-time":"2016-07-26T10:29:08Z","timestamp":1469528948000},"page":"1018-1023","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Arthritis in childhood human immunodeficiency virus infection predominantly associated with human leukocyte antigen B27"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Deepti","family":"Suri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Allergy\u2010Immunology Unit Department of Pediatrics Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER) Chandigarh India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4433-4355","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Avinash","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Allergy\u2010Immunology Unit Department of Pediatrics Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER) Chandigarh India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sagar","family":"Bhattad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Allergy\u2010Immunology Unit Department of Pediatrics Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER) Chandigarh India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amit","family":"Rawat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Allergy\u2010Immunology Unit Department of Pediatrics Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER) Chandigarh India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sunil","family":"Arora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immuno\u2010Pathology Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER) Chandigarh India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ranjana W.","family":"Minz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immuno\u2010Pathology Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER) Chandigarh India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Surjit","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Allergy\u2010Immunology Unit Department of Pediatrics Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER) Chandigarh India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-857X(21)00198-8","article-title":"Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and arthritis","volume":"19","author":"Calabrese LH","year":"1993","journal-title":"Rheum Dis Clin North Am"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anr.1780320509"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anr.1780321221"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2009.03.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-106-1-19"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","first-page":"802","article-title":"Musculoskeletal manifestations in patients positive for human immunodeficiency virus: correlation with CD4 count","volume":"28","author":"Casado E","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","first-page":"24","article-title":"Rheumatic manifestations among HIV positive adults attending the Infectious Disease Clinic at Mulago Hospital","volume":"11","author":"Kaddu\u2010Mukasa M","year":"2011","journal-title":"Afr Health Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11604\/pamj.2014.17.87.3264"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02825480"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2009.01.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","first-page":"131","article-title":"Spectrum of clinical and laboratory characteristics of HIV infection in northern India","volume":"27","author":"Giri TK","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Commun Dis"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keh636"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2008.04.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2009.03.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/108729101753205685"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","unstructured":"CalabreseL KirchnerE(2015)HIV Infection: What Rheumatologists Need to Know \u2013 The Rheumatologist[Internet]. 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