{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,14]],"date-time":"2025-12-14T15:57:06Z","timestamp":1765727826360},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,14]],"date-time":"2016-11-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1479081600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J of Rheum Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>The Health Assessment Questionnaire (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HAQ<\/jats:styled-content>) is a popular tool used to measure disability. Few studies have assessed its psychometric properties in patients with spondyloarthritis (SpA). We therefore aimed to assess the reliability and validity of the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HAQ<\/jats:styled-content> in patients with SpA in Singapore.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cross\u2010sectional data from a registry of 196 patients with SpA recruited from a dedicated tertiary referral clinic in Singapore from 2011 to 2014 was used. Analyses were guided by the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CO<\/jats:styled-content>nsensus\u2010based Standards for the selection of health Measurement <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IN<\/jats:styled-content>struments (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">COSMIN<\/jats:styled-content>) framework. Internal consistency reliability was assessed using Cronbach's alpha. Convergent construct validity was assessed by 30 <jats:italic>a priori<\/jats:italic> hypotheses through correlation of the summary score and the eight domain scores of the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HAQ<\/jats:styled-content> with other health outcome measures: Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BASDAI<\/jats:styled-content>), Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BASFI<\/jats:styled-content>), Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Global Score (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BASG<\/jats:styled-content>), pain, Patient's Global Assessment (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PGA<\/jats:styled-content>) and Short Form\u201036 Health Survey (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SF<\/jats:styled-content>\u201036). Divergent construct validity was assessed by poor correlation of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HAQ<\/jats:styled-content> with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SF<\/jats:styled-content>\u201036 Mental component score (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MCS<\/jats:styled-content>).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Among 196 patients (155 males [79.1%] median [range] age: 36 [17\u201370]; 166 Chinese [84.7%]), the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HAQ<\/jats:styled-content> showed a high internal consistency of 0.78\u20130.84. Convergent validity was supported by achieving 26 out of the 30 <jats:italic>a priori<\/jats:italic> hypotheses. Divergent validity was also established\u2010 correlation of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SF<\/jats:styled-content>\u201036 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MCS<\/jats:styled-content> with seven domains and summary scores of the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HAQ<\/jats:styled-content> were not statistically significant.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study supports the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HAQ<\/jats:styled-content> as a valid and reliable measure of disability for use in patients with SpA.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1756-185x.12989","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,14]],"date-time":"2016-11-14T11:20:41Z","timestamp":1479122441000},"page":"699-704","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Validity and reliability of the Health Assessment Questionnaire among patients 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