{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,7]],"date-time":"2026-02-07T07:52:16Z","timestamp":1770450736544,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,17]],"date-time":"2017-04-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1492387200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J of Rheum Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of local cold application on pain when applied to the trapezius muscles of patients with fibromyalgia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>A one\u2010group, pre\u2010test\/post\u2010test, pre\u2010experimental model was applied in this study, which was conducted with 55 fibromyalgia patients who presented to a rheumatology outpatient clinic. A 10\u2010min cold application was administered to one trapezius muscle of each patient. The participants\u2019 pain was evaluated, in total, four times (before the cold application and 10\u00a0min, 1.5\u00a0h and 24\u00a0h after the cold application). The visual analogue scale (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VAS<\/jats:styled-content>) for pain was used to collect data for the study, and Friedman and Wilcoxon tests were used to assess the data.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The patients\u2019 pain mean score before (6.45, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SD<\/jats:styled-content>:1.27) the cold applications was found to be significantly higher than the scores noted 10\u00a0min (2.75, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SD<\/jats:styled-content>:1.73), 1.5\u00a0h (2.45, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SD<\/jats:styled-content>:1.29), and 24\u00a0h (3.36, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SD<\/jats:styled-content>:1.30) after the application (<jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study found that local cold applications performed on the trapezius muscles of patients with fibromyalgia significantly decreased their pain. With its discovery of a new method of pain control in fibromyalgia patients, this study will significantly contribute to science and will serve as a guide for pain management, especially in nursing practice. Further studies to evaluate the maximum effect duration and effect mechanisms of local cold applications to the trapezius muscles of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FM<\/jats:styled-content> patients are indicated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1756-185x.13078","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,17]],"date-time":"2017-04-17T07:56:47Z","timestamp":1492415807000},"page":"929-934","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["The effects of local cold application on fibromyalgia pain"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Naside","family":"Yilmaz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Erzurum Regional Training and Research Hospital Erzurum 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