{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,17]],"date-time":"2026-02-17T05:45:06Z","timestamp":1771307106096,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,14]],"date-time":"2017-06-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1497398400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J of Rheum Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>Rheumatoid arthritis (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RA<\/jats:styled-content>) is an inflammatory autoimmune disease. Reactive oxygen species (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ROS<\/jats:styled-content>) are involved in the pathophysiology of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RA<\/jats:styled-content>. Moderate intensity exercises have been reported to have anti\u2010oxidant and anti\u2010inflammatory effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of hydrotherapy on oxidant\u2010antioxidant status in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RA<\/jats:styled-content> patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Forty <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RA<\/jats:styled-content> patients and 30 age\u2010 and sex\u2010matched healthy controls were included in this study. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RA<\/jats:styled-content> patients were subdivided into two groups: the first group (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 20) received treatment with conventional <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RA<\/jats:styled-content> drugs, while the second group (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 20) received hydrotherapy along with the conventional drugs for a period of 12 weeks. Disease Activity Score of 28 joints (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DAS<\/jats:styled-content>\u201028), <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ROS<\/jats:styled-content> level, protein oxidation, lipid peroxidation, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DNA<\/jats:styled-content> damage and the activities of antioxidant enzymes were evaluated before and after 12 weeks of treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RA<\/jats:styled-content> patients showed a significant change in the oxidative stress biomarkers (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ROS<\/jats:styled-content>,<jats:italic> P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.01; ferric reducing antioxidant potential, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001; malondialdehyde, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.01; protein carbonyl, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001; tail length, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05) and decrease in the activities of anti\u2010oxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase [<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SOD<\/jats:styled-content>], <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.01; glutathione peroxidase [<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GP<\/jats:styled-content>x], <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001). Conventional drug treatment has not produced any significant change in these parameters. However, cotreatment of drugs with hydrotherapy has decreased protein, lipid and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DNA<\/jats:styled-content> oxidation by increasing the activities of antioxidant enzymes (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SOD<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GP<\/jats:styled-content>x).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our results indicate that hydrotherapy along with drugs has reduced the severity of disease (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DAS<\/jats:styled-content>\u201028) by ameliorating the oxidant\u2010antioxidant status in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RA<\/jats:styled-content> patients. Thus, in addition to conventional drugs, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RA<\/jats:styled-content> patients should be advised to have hydrotherapy (moderate intensity exercise) in their treatment regimen.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1756-185x.13118","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,14]],"date-time":"2017-06-14T05:47:27Z","timestamp":1497419247000},"page":"1822-1830","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Role of hydrotherapy in the amelioration of oxidant\u2010antioxidant status in rheumatoid arthritis patients"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Somaiya","family":"Mateen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Medicine Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College Aligarh Muslim University Aligarh Uttar Pradesh 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