{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]],"date-time":"2025-11-07T13:27:23Z","timestamp":1762522043110,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,27]],"date-time":"2017-07-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1501113600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J of Rheum Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Data regarding the prevalence, risk factors and outcome of scleroderma renal crisis (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SRC<\/jats:styled-content>) in Asian patients with systemic sclerosis (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SS<\/jats:styled-content>c) are limited.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To determine the prevalence, risk factors and outcomes of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SRC<\/jats:styled-content> in Thai <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SS<\/jats:styled-content>c patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>Medical records of all <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SS<\/jats:styled-content>c patients seen at the Division of Rheumatology, Chiang Mai University, Thailand, from January 1990 to December 2015 were retrospectively reviewed. For each <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SRC<\/jats:styled-content> case, a disease duration (\u00b11 year) matched control (four <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SS<\/jats:styled-content>c patient without <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SRC<\/jats:styled-content> for each <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SRC<\/jats:styled-content> patient) was identified.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Result<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of 608 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SS<\/jats:styled-content>c patients seen during the study period, 19 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SRC<\/jats:styled-content> cases were identified, resulting in an <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SRC<\/jats:styled-content> prevalence of 3.13%, with 76 matched controls. Of the 19 cases, mean \u00b1 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SD<\/jats:styled-content> age and median (interquartile range 1\u20133) disease duration was 56.2 \u00b1 13.8 years and 5 (3\u201322) months, respectively. Seventeen patients (89.5%) had diffuse cutaneous <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SS<\/jats:styled-content>c. Twelve patients (63.2%) had hypertensive renal crisis and seven (36.8%) had normotensive renal crisis. Multivariate conditional logistic regression analyses showed that digital gangrene (adjusted odd ratio [<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AOR<\/jats:styled-content>] 31.41, 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> = 1.16\u2013852.23, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.041), current prednisolone dose \u2265 15 mg\/day (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AOR<\/jats:styled-content> 31.22, 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> = 1.59\u2013613.85, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.024), serum albumin &lt; 3 mg\/dL (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AOR<\/jats:styled-content> 7.97, 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> = 1.49\u201342.56, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.015), and cardiac involvement (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AOR<\/jats:styled-content> = 6.62, 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> = 1.08\u201340.63, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.041) were independent risk factors for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SRC<\/jats:styled-content>. Fifteen <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SRC<\/jats:styled-content> patients (78.9%) required dialysis and 10 (52.6%) died.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SRC<\/jats:styled-content> was an uncommon complication in Thai patients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SS<\/jats:styled-content>c, but is associated with high mortality. Digital gangrene, current prednisolone dose \u2265 15 mg\/day, serum albumin &lt; 3 mg\/dL and cardiac involvement were independent risk factors for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SRC<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1756-185x.13145","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,28]],"date-time":"2017-07-28T01:59:28Z","timestamp":1501207168000},"page":"1562-1571","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Risk factors and outcome of Thai patients with scleroderma renal crisis: a disease duration\u2010matched case control study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7030-5043","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Suparaporn","family":"Wangkaew","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology Department of Internal Medicine Chiang Mai University Chiang Mai 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