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The patients\u2019 clinical characteristics, treatments received, and outcomes were systematically recorded. Disease activity at the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OI<\/jats:styled-content> diagnosis and the cumulative doses of immunosuppressive drugs were analyzed, as well as the specific pathogens involved and affected organs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The prevalence of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OI<\/jats:styled-content> in the total cohort was 6.4%: viruses, 44.4% (varicella\u2010zoster virus, cytomegalovirus); bacteria, 22.2% (<jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> sp., <jats:italic>Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic> M.\u00a0chelonae<\/jats:italic>); fungi, 16.7% (<jats:italic>Candida albicans<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic> Pneumocystis jirovecii<\/jats:italic>); and parasites, 16.7% (<jats:italic>Toxoplasmosis gondii<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic> Leishmania<\/jats:italic> spp.). Lung and skin\/soft tissues were the organs most commonly affected (27.8%). Overall, 55.6% of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OI<\/jats:styled-content>s developed during the first year after the myositis diagnosis and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OI<\/jats:styled-content> was significantly associated with administration of high\u2010dose glucocorticoids (<jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.0148). Fever at onset of myositis (<jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.0317), biological therapy (<jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.001) and sequential administration of four or more immunosuppressive agents during myositis evolution (<jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.0032) were significantly associated with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OI<\/jats:styled-content>. All\u2010cause mortality in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OI<\/jats:styled-content> group was 3.69 deaths per 100\u00a0patients\/year versus 3.40 in the remainder of the cohort (<jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.996).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The prevalence of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OI<\/jats:styled-content> was 6.4% in our myositis cohort, higher than the rest of the inpatients of our hospital (1.7%; <jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.01). High\u2010dose glucocorticoids at disease onset and severe immunosuppression are the main factors implicated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1756-185x.13255","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,9]],"date-time":"2018-01-09T21:50:08Z","timestamp":1515534608000},"page":"487-496","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Opportunistic infections in patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Ada","family":"Redondo\u2010Benito","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine Department Autonomous University of Barcelona Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adrian","family":"Curran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases Vall d'Hebron General Hospital Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Villar\u2010Gomez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pneumology Vall d'Hebron General Hospital Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ernesto","family":"Trallero\u2010Araguas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology Vall d'Hebron General Hospital Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreu","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez\u2010Codina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine Department Autonomous University of Barcelona Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iago","family":"Pinal\u2010Fernandez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine Department Autonomous University of Barcelona Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jose \u00c1ngel","family":"Rodrigo\u2010Pend\u00e1s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine Vall d'Hebron General Hospital Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2823-9761","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Albert","family":"Selva\u2010O'Callaghan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine Department Autonomous University of Barcelona Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(99)05157-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1402225"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","first-page":"1336","article-title":"Pulmonary involvement in polymyositis and in dermatomyositis","volume":"25","author":"Marie I","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2009.04190.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","first-page":"706","article-title":"Cardiac abnormalities assessed by non\u2010invasive techniques in patients with newly diagnosed idiopathic inflammatory myopathies","volume":"33","author":"Diederichsen LP","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-857X(02)00100-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-200303000-00002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.21083"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2152\/jmi.54.295"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-009-1181-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keq279"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2010.08.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197502132920706"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197502202920807"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410380504"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2015-207841"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","unstructured":"International Myositis Assessment and Clinical Studies (IMACS) Group. 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