{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]],"date-time":"2026-02-24T19:50:38Z","timestamp":1771962638382,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,3]],"date-time":"2018-04-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1522713600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004386","name":"Universiti Malaya","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GC002\u201014HTM"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GC002\u201014HTM"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004386","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J of Rheum Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>To determine the association between vitamin D and knee pain among participants of the Malaysian Elders Longitudinal Research (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MEL<\/jats:styled-content>oR) study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>This was a cross\u2010sectional study from the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MEL<\/jats:styled-content>oR study consisting of a representative group of 1011 community\u2010dwelling older persons (57% female), mean age 86.5 (54\u201394) years; 313 were Malays, 367 Chinese and 330 Indians. Participants were asked if they had knee pain. Levels of serum 25\u2010hydroxy cholecalciferol (25\u2010[<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OH<\/jats:styled-content>]D), an indicator of vitamin D status, were measured using routine laboratory techniques.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In unadjusted analysis, presence of knee pain was significantly associated with vitamin D deficiency (odds ratio [<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>] 1.42; 95% confidence interval (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>) 1.08\u20131.85, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> 0.011). Vitamin D levels were significantly associated with ethnicity differences where Malays (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content> 7.08; 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> 4.94\u201310.15) and Indians (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content> 6.10; 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> 4.28\u20139.71) have lower levels of vitamin D compared to Chinese. Subsequent multivariate analysis revealed that the association between vitamin D deficiency and knee pain was confounded by ethnic differences.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>A previous study suggested that vitamin D deficiency was associated with knee pain. This relationship was reproduced in our study, but we further established that the association was explained by ethnic variations. As vitamin D status is dependent on skin tone, diet and sunlight exposure, which are all effected by ethnicity, future studies are now required to determine whether a true relationship exists between vitamin D and knee pain.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1756-185x.13279","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,3]],"date-time":"2018-04-03T07:58:52Z","timestamp":1522742332000},"page":"930-936","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Vitamin D deficiency is associated with ethnicity and knee pain in a multi\u2010ethnic South\u2010East Asian nation: Results from Malaysian Elders Longitudinal Research (<scp>MEL<\/scp>oR)"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4973-6986","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sumaiyah","family":"Mat","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ageing and Age\u2010Associated Disorders Research Group University 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