{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T14:58:12Z","timestamp":1740149892711,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,19]],"date-time":"2018-04-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1524096000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J of Rheum Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Data regarding the incidence rate (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IR<\/jats:styled-content>) of cardiopulmonary involvement in comparison between late\u2010onset <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SS<\/jats:styled-content>c and early\u2010onset <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SS<\/jats:styled-content>c are limited.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To compare the prevalence of clinical manifestations and the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IR<\/jats:styled-content> of cardiopulmonary involvement compared between the two subgroups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>An inception cohort of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SS<\/jats:styled-content>c patients seen at the Rheumatology Clinic, Maharaj Nakorn Chiang Mai Hospital, between January 2010 and June 2016, was used. All patients were assessed for clinical manifestations and underwent electrocardiograph, echocardiography and high\u2010resolution computed tomography at the study entry and every 12 months thereafter.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Result<\/jats:title><jats:p>One hundred and fifteen patients (69 female and 90 diffuse cutaneous <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SS<\/jats:styled-content>c [dc<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SS<\/jats:styled-content>c]) with a mean (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SD<\/jats:styled-content>) disease duration of 11.6 months (8.8) at cohort entry were enrolled during a mean (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SD<\/jats:styled-content>) observation period of 3.8 years (1.6). Patients were classified into two groups: age \u2265 50 years (late onset) and age &lt; 50 years (early onset). The late\u2010onset group included 78 patients (67.8%). At enrollment, the late\u2010onset group had higher prevalence of digital pitting scars (60.3% <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic>. 35.1%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.012), dry eye symptoms (17.9% <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic>. 2.7%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.035), and hypertension (20.5% <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic>. 5.4%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.037) compared to the early\u2010onset group. In the last visit, it was found that the late\u2010onset group had higher cumulative prevalence of joint contracture (61.5% <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic>. 37.8%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.017) compared to the early\u2010onset group. The late\u2010onset group had no significant <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IR<\/jats:styled-content> of left ventricular ejection fraction &lt; 50% (3.04 <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic>. 4.45 per 100 person\u2010years, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.486), right ventricular dysfunction (5.17 <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic>. 2.73 per 100 person\u2010years, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.269), interstitial lung disease (49.45 <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic>. 42.03 per 100 person\u2010years, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.462), and systolic pulmonary arterial pressure \u2265 50 mmHg (2.57 <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic>. 1.07 per 100 person\u2010years, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.267) compared to the early\u2010onset group.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our study cohort found that digital pitting scar, xerophthalmia, hypo\u2013hyperpigmentation, joint contracture, and hypertension are more prevalent in late\u2010onset <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SS<\/jats:styled-content>c than early\u2010onset <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SS<\/jats:styled-content>c. However, no significant differences regarding the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IR<\/jats:styled-content> of cardiopulmonary involvement between the two subgroups, the majority of which were dc<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SS<\/jats:styled-content>c, in the early phase of the disease.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1756-185x.13307","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,19]],"date-time":"2018-04-19T17:09:39Z","timestamp":1524157779000},"page":"1082-1092","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Differences in clinical presentation and incidence of cardiopulmonary involvement in late\u2010onset versus early\u2010onset systemic sclerosis: inception cohort 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Medicine Chiang Mai University Chiang Mai Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juntima","family":"Euathrongchit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Diagnostic Radiology Department of Radiology Faculty of Medicine Chiang Mai University Chiang Mai Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.50.Suppl_4.846"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000000018"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","first-page":"251730","article-title":"How does age at onset influence the outcome of autoimmune diseases?","volume":"2012","author":"Amador\u2010Patarroyo MJ","year":"2012","journal-title":"Autoimmune 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