{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T06:02:39Z","timestamp":1781762559359,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,2]],"date-time":"2018-07-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1530489600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J of Rheum Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>(i) To predict the future risk of osteoporotic fracture in women using a simple forearm radiograph. (ii) To assess osteoporosis in southern Indian women by using radiogrammetric technique in comparison with dual\u2010energy X\u2010ray absorptiometry (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DXA<\/jats:styled-content>) and X\u2010ray phantom study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The bone mineral density (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BMD<\/jats:styled-content>) of the right proximal femur by<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DXA<\/jats:styled-content>and the X\u2010ray measurements were acquired from the right forearm. The combined cortical thickness at the second to fourth metacarpal region (M\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CCT<\/jats:styled-content>), radius (R\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CCT<\/jats:styled-content>) and ulna (U\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CCT<\/jats:styled-content>) were derived in all the studied population. The aluminium phantom study was conducted by varying the X\u2010ray source to film distance at 100\u00a0cm and 150\u00a0cm, respectively. The feed forward back propagation neural network was used for classification of low bone mass group and normal.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The combined cortical thickness of M\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CCT<\/jats:styled-content>, R\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CCT<\/jats:styled-content>and U\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CCT<\/jats:styled-content>of the total studied population was strongly correlated with<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DXA<\/jats:styled-content>femur Th.<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BMD<\/jats:styled-content>measurements (<jats:italic>r\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.77,<jats:italic>r\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.61 and<jats:italic>r\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.59 [<jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.01]). The predicted future osteoporotic fracture risk for the low bone mass group, post\u2010menopausal women and old\u2010aged women population was found to be 92%, 62.8%, and 64.7%, respectively. The accuracy of neural network classifier for training set, testing set was found to be 97.5% and 87.5% in the studied population.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The results suggested that M\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CCT<\/jats:styled-content>and M\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CCT<\/jats:styled-content>(%) at the second metacarpal region are useful in predicting the future risk of osteoporotic fracture in women. The aluminium phantom study with an X\u2010ray tube to film distance of 100\u00a0cm mimics an exact condition of forearm radiogrammetry.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1756-185x.13326","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,3]],"date-time":"2018-07-03T06:17:26Z","timestamp":1530598646000},"page":"1350-1371","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Evaluation of low bone mass and prediction of fracture risk using metacarpal radiogrammetry method: a comparative study with<scp>DXA<\/scp>and X\u2010ray phantom"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Devaraj","family":"Ashok Kumar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering SRM Institute of Science and Technology Chennai Tamil Nadu India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariamicheal","family":"Anburajan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Andhra Pradesh Medtech Zone (AMTZ) Visakhapatnam India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4032-1349","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Umapathy","family":"Snekhalatha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering SRM Institute of Science and Technology Chennai Tamil Nadu India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","first-page":"24","article-title":"The Asian audit: epidemiology, costs and burden of osteoporosis in Asia","volume":"1","author":"Mithal A","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int Osteoporos Foundation"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4061\/2010\/757102"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/IJWH.S54623"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","first-page":"181","article-title":"Das Ergebnispapier der, consensus development conference uber diagnose, prophylaxe und behandlung der osteoporose","volume":"2","author":"Keck E","year":"1993","journal-title":"Osteologie"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-006-0172-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Assessment of Fracture risk and its application to screening for post menopausal osteoporosis. 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