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Our current study assessed peripheral protein markers and gene expression levels in association with clinical response post\u2010treatment in two disease strata.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Serum proteomics results indicated the existence of specific pharmacodynamic markers for golimumab and mavrilimumab, regardless of prior anti\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TNF<\/jats:styled-content> treatment. In contrast, both antibodies induced early and sustained suppression of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RA<\/jats:styled-content> disease markers, including interleukin (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>)\u20106, C\u2010reactive protein, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>2<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RA<\/jats:styled-content>, and matrix metalloproteinase 1, in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DMARD<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IR<\/jats:styled-content> patients. Golimumab\u2010induced early changes rapidly returned toward baseline concentrations in anti\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TNF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IR<\/jats:styled-content> patients, whereas mavrilimumab\u2010induced changes were maintained through to day 169. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RNA<\/jats:styled-content> sequencing demonstrated gene expression changes at day 169 after administration of mavrilimumab but not golimumab in anti\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TNF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IR<\/jats:styled-content> patients. Additionally, receiver operating characteristic curve and regression analysis showed the association of early <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20106 change and subsequent clinical responses to golimumab in anti\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TNF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IR<\/jats:styled-content> patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our results revealed golimumab\u2010 and mavrilimumab\u2010specific pharmacodynamic biomarkers, and demonstrated differential biomarker\u2010treatment relationships in anti\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TNF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IR<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DMARD<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IR<\/jats:styled-content> patients, respectively. Early <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20106 change after anti\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TNF<\/jats:styled-content> antibody treatment may be a potential predictive biomarker for selection of different treatment regimens in anti\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TNF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IR<\/jats:styled-content> patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1756-185x.13395","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,25]],"date-time":"2018-10-25T00:05:05Z","timestamp":1540425905000},"page":"646-653","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Pharmacodynamic biomarkers and differential effects of <scp>TNF<\/scp>\u2010 and <scp>GM<\/scp>\u2010<scp>CSF<\/scp>\u2010targeting biologics in rheumatoid 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