{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T06:25:38Z","timestamp":1790144738812,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,21]],"date-time":"2019-01-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1548028800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J of Rheum Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>The subject of the present study was a systematic comparative analysis of the rheumatoid arthritis (RA)\u2010induced pathomechanisms in the temporomandibular joint with those of the limb joints using the serum\u2010induced arthritis K\/BxN model.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In 18 BALB\/c mice the induction of RA was performed according to the Kouskoff method. Another healthy cohort served as controls (n\u00a0=\u00a012). Joint swelling of the paws was measured using a micrometer. Functional data were obtained analyzing locomotion. Three\u2010dimensional examination of the temporomandibular joint was performed with micro\u2010computed tomography imaging, followed by histological evaluation of the extremity joints and the temporomandibular joint. Additionally, immunohistochemical investigations were carried out to evaluate inflammatory and immunological changes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Measurement of joint swelling showed a significant increase in the diameter of the paws, as well as a decrease in locomotor activity compared to control animals and the time before arthritis induction. Histological and immunohistochemical investigations showed clear signs of inflammation in the extremity joints. In contrast, no histological or immunohistochemical indications of an inflammatory process were detectable in the temporomandibular joint. In addition, the three\u2010dimensional analysis by micro\u2010computed tomography of the temporomandibular joints did not show any obvious morphological changes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>For the first time, using the K\/BxN model we could demonstrate that, due to its anatomical and mechanical conditions, the temporomandibular joint seems to be less susceptible to the initiation of RA compared to limb joints. Therefore, additional investigations are needed on other arthritis models as well, in order to further improve our understanding of the pathogenesis and defense mechanisms of the disease.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1756-185x.13486","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,22]],"date-time":"2019-01-22T04:56:40Z","timestamp":1548133000000},"page":"636-645","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Comparative study on serum\u2010induced arthritis in the temporomandibular and limb joint of mice"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5964-4917","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sema","family":"Safi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics University Hospital of Bonn Bonn 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