{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T12:07:46Z","timestamp":1772107666955,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,28]],"date-time":"2019-03-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1553731200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J of Rheum Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study aimed to examine whether gout is causally associated with Alzheimer's disease.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>I used the publicly available summary statistics datasets of three genome\u2010wide association studies (GWASs) on gout as the exposure dataset and meta\u2010analysis results of four GWAS datasets consisting of 17\u00a0008 cases with Alzheimer's disease and 37\u00a0154 controls of European descent as the outcome dataset. The data were subjected to 2\u2010sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis using the inverse\u2010variance weighted (IVW), weighted median, and MR\u2010Egger regression methods.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>I selected seven independent single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from gout GWASs as instrumental variables (IVs) to improve inference. These SNPs were located at MAP3K11 (rs10791821), SLC2A9 (rs11722228, rs734553), GCKR (rs1260326), ABCG2 (rs2231142, rs2728125), and CNIH\u20102 (rs4073582). The IVW data did not support a causal association between gout and Alzheimer's disease (<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.013, standard error [SE]\u00a0=\u00a00.017, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.445). The MR\u2010Egger regression indicated that directional pleiotropy did not bias the result (intercept\u00a0=\u00a00.002, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.654); it also revealed no causal association between gout and Alzheimer's disease (<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0\u22120.013, SE\u00a0=\u00a00.076, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.870). The weighted median approach yielded similar results (<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.004, SE\u00a0=\u00a00.022, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.846). Cochran's <jats:italic>Q<\/jats:italic> test indicated no evidence of heterogeneity between IV estimates based on individual variants, and the results of \u201cleave\u2010one\u2010out\u201d analysis demonstrated that no single SNP drove the IVW estimate.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The MR analysis results did not support a causal association between gout and Alzheimer's disease.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1756-185x.13548","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,29]],"date-time":"2019-03-29T02:25:41Z","timestamp":1553826341000},"page":"1046-1051","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Gout and the risk of Alzheimer\u2032s disease: A Mendelian randomization study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4213-1909","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Young Ho","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology Korea University College of Medicine Seoul 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