{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T20:28:32Z","timestamp":1783110512398,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,2]],"date-time":"2019-05-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1556755200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003710","name":"Korea Health Industry Development Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003710","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J of Rheum Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) have an increased risk of cardiovascular disease owing to an immunological abnormality, along with traditional risk factors. We found that carotid artery intima\u2010media thickness (cIMT) and plaque were associated with age, body mass index (BMI) and disease activity in a previous study 4\u00a0years ago. Our aim was to identify risk factors associated with progression of subclinical atherosclerosis in SLE.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We assessed cIMT and plaque using Doppler ultrasonography in 61 Korean women with SLE who were enrolled in the previous study 4\u00a0years ago.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The mean cIMT of the patients was 0.39\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.09\u00a0mm; 11 patients had carotid plaques, which was similar to the results of the previous study. Twenty\u2010one patients had increased cIMT, and new carotid plaque had developed in seven patients. Patients with increased cIMT had a lower BMI and took fewer non\u2010steroidal anti\u2010inflammatory drugs and higher 4\u00a0year cumulative glucocorticoid dose than patients without increased cIMT. The 4\u00a0year cumulative glucocorticoid dose was higher in patients with carotid plaque than in those without. On multivariate regression analysis, BMI (odds ratio [OR]\u00a0=\u00a00.67, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.034) was associated with increased cIMT, and the 4\u00a0year cumulative glucocorticoid dose was associated with increased cIMT (OR\u00a0=\u00a06.994, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.025) and carotid plaque (OR\u00a0=\u00a05.651, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.031).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This prospective follow\u2010up study on cIMT and plaque in patients with SLE showed that low BMI and 4\u00a0year cumulative glucocorticoid dose were associated with the progression of subclinical atherosclerosis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1756-185x.13588","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,3]],"date-time":"2019-05-03T03:08:01Z","timestamp":1556852881000},"page":"1410-1418","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Body mass index and glucocorticoid dose contribute to subclinical atherosclerosis in Korean patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: A prospective 4\u00a0year follow\u2010up study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7313-0795","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ju\u2010Yang","family":"Jung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology Ajou University School of Medicine Suwon Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2609-3367","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hyoun\u2010Ah","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology Ajou University School of Medicine Suwon Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyun\u2010Young","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Statistical team of Clinical Trial Center Ajou University School of Medicine Suwon Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6156-393X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chang\u2010Hee","family":"Suh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology Ajou University School of Medicine Suwon Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2015.01.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1756-185X.12551"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.10.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(199901)42:1<51::AID-ANR7>3.0.CO;2-D"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa035611"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2017.01.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000001183"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","first-page":"2363","article-title":"Contribution of traditional risk factors to coronary artery disease in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"26","author":"Rahman P","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/178721"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/ket367"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203315598014"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.08.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kev198"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0094511"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12947-015-0041-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203317692434"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203314544185"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(95)90114-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0045934"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncpneuro0324"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/key233"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","first-page":"149","article-title":"Carotid intima\u2010media thickness measurements: what defines an abnormality? 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