{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,27]],"date-time":"2026-06-27T23:08:27Z","timestamp":1782601707741,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,6]],"date-time":"2019-05-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1557100800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J of Rheum Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>The emphasis on capturing patient\u2010reported outcomes (PRO) is increasing, but gout\u2010specific PRO are lacking. We evaluated the reliability and validity of the 24\u2010item Gout Impact Scale (GIS) of the Gout Assessment Questionnaire 2.0 (GAQ2.0) in a multi\u2010ethnic Asian population.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Participants with gout in an academic medical center in Singapore completed the GIS which comprises five scales. Confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) were performed. Known\u2010groups validity, divergent validity and internal consistency were evaluated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We analyzed data of 267 participants (mean [SD] age 52.2 [16.08] years, 92.1% men and 76.0% Chinese). CFA based on the original GIS factor structure had good model fit based on Tucker\u2010Lewis Index (TLI) of 0.946 but not when based on Root Mean Square Error Of Approximation (RMSEA), which was 0.123 (90% CI: 0.116\u20100.130). Internal consistency of GIS exceeded 0.7 in all except one scale, consistent with previous studies. Hypotheses related to known\u2010groups validity were largely supported. Scores were significantly higher (ie greater impact) for participants reporting at least some problem on the EQ\u20105D\u20103L anxiety\/ depression item across all GIS scales. Correlations between RAND\u201036 Physical Functioning (PF) scale and all five scales in the GIS were poor (Spearman rank correlation coefficients: \u22120.2355 to 0.0426), implying that GIS does not measure impact of gout on physical health.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The GIS is valid and reliable for assessing gout\u2010specific psychosocial functioning in a multi\u2010ethnic Asian population.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1756-185x.13595","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,7]],"date-time":"2019-05-07T03:03:32Z","timestamp":1557198212000},"page":"1427-1434","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Validity and reliability of the Gout Impact Scale in a multi\u2010ethnic Asian population"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4127-1101","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Weixian","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, National University Health System University Medicine Cluster Singapore City Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gim Gee","family":"Teng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, National University Health System University Medicine Cluster Singapore City Singapore"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of Singapore and National University Health System Singapore City Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joon Chong","family":"Kok","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of Singapore and National University Health System Singapore City Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amelia","family":"Santosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, National University Health System University Medicine Cluster Singapore City Singapore"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of Singapore and National University Health System Singapore City Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anita Y. N.","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, National University Health System University Medicine Cluster Singapore City Singapore"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of Singapore and National University Health System Singapore City Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hwee\u2010Lin","family":"Wee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy National University of Singapore Singapore City Singapore"},{"name":"Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health National University of Singapore Singapore City Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-008-9355-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2007.081604"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/erp.12.60"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","volume-title":"Quality of Life: The Assessment, Analysis and Interpretation of Patient\u2010reported Outcomes","author":"Peter M","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2047487313514895"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2011.200523"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.121061"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.110271"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kem178"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005650-199206000-00002"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","first-page":"789","article-title":"The dimensions of health outcomes: the health assessment questionnaire, disability and pain scales","volume":"9","author":"Fries JF","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/ket265"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.080506"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/PROM.S8310"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780200320"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hec.4730020305"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-011-9903-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/07853890109002087"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10705519909540118"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","unstructured":"Jacob CohenPC WestSG AikenLS.Applied Multiple Regression\/Correlation Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences.3rd ed.Mahwah NJ:L. 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