{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T18:11:19Z","timestamp":1782756679541,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,14]],"date-time":"2019-05-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1557792000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J of Rheum Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To compare clinical characteristics, disease activity, patient\u2010reported outcomes and associated comorbidities between patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and non\u2010radiographic axial spondyloarthitis (nr\u2010axSpA) in a multi\u2010ethnic Asian population of Singapore.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We used data from the PREcision medicine in SPONdyloarthritis for Better Outcomes and Disease Remission (PRESPOND) registry in Singapore General Hospital. All patients fulfilled 2009 Assessment in AS International Working Group classification criteria for axial SpA (axSpA). Of these, all AS patients fulfilled the 1984 modified New York criteria. Baseline characteristics, medications, disease activity, patient\u2010reported outcomes and inflammatory markers were recorded using standardized questionnaires.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Two hundred and sixty\u2010two axSpA patients (82% Chinese, 79% male) were included. Mean age (SD) at diagnosis was 32.4 (13.1) years, which was similar between AS and nr\u2010axSpA patients. AS patients were older (mean age 42.7 [13.5] vs 37.4 [13.8] years, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.02), had longer disease duration (mean disease duration 10.9 [8.7] vs 6.4 [4.8] years, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.01), higher Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Metrology Index (BASMI) (mean BASMI 3.1 [2.3] vs 1.5 [1.5], <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.01), more frequently human leukocyte antigen (HLA)\u2010B27 positive (82% vs 68%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.03), associated with uveitis (33% vs 17%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.03), and hypertensive (17% vs 0%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.01) compared to nr\u2010axSpA, respectively. Nr\u2010axSpA patients had higher Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Global Score (BAS\u2010G) (mean BAS\u2010G 46.9 [16.8] vs 38.6 [20.6], <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.01), Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (mean [SD] 4.2 [1.6] vs 3.5 [1.9], <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.02) and AS quality of life (ASQoL) (mean ASQoL 4.9 [4.8] vs 3.5 [4.1], <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.04) scores compared to AS patients respectively at baseline. Patient global assessment, Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index, AS Disease Activity Score \u2013 C\u2010reactive protein (CRP), Health Assessment Questionnaire, Short\u2010Form 36 physical component summary and mental component summary were similar in both groups at baseline, as were medications used and mean erythrocyte sedimentation rate and CRP.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>In our multi\u2010ethnic Asian cohort, patients with AS are more likely to be HLA\u2010B27 positive, have uveitis, hypertensive, and have poorer spinal mobility, while nr\u2010axSpA patients tend to experience poorer well\u2010being and quality of life.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1756-185x.13603","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,15]],"date-time":"2019-05-15T05:03:11Z","timestamp":1557896591000},"page":"1506-1511","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Comparison of ankylosing spondylitis and non\u2010radiographic axial spondyloarthritis in a multi\u2010ethnic Asian population of Singapore"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Cassandra","family":"Hong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Immunology Singapore General Hospital Singapore Singapore"},{"name":"Duke\u2010NUS Medical School Singapore Singapore"},{"name":"Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu Heng","family":"Kwan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Program in Health Services and Systems Research Duke\u2010NUS Medical School Singapore Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8492-6342","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ying\u2010Ying","family":"Leung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Immunology Singapore General Hospital Singapore Singapore"},{"name":"Duke\u2010NUS Medical School Singapore Singapore"},{"name":"Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nai Lee","family":"Lui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Immunology Singapore General Hospital Singapore Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Warren","family":"Fong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Immunology Singapore General Hospital Singapore Singapore"},{"name":"Duke\u2010NUS Medical School Singapore Singapore"},{"name":"Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2009.108217"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2010.145995"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.21688"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2011.01.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.23534"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-857X(05)70040-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-018-4332-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-017-3585-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2009.108233"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780270401"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2008.094870"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","first-page":"2286","article-title":"A new approach to defining disease status in ankylosing spondylitis: the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index","volume":"21","author":"Garrett S","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1756-185X.12989"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-016-3567-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.47102\/annals-acadmedsg.V43N1p15","article-title":"Normative Data for the Singapore English and Chinese SF\u201036 Version 2 Health Survey","volume":"43","author":"Sow WT","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann Acad Med Singapore"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","first-page":"1694","article-title":"Defining spinal mobility in ankylosing spondylitis (AS). 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