{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,16]],"date-time":"2025-07-16T11:58:08Z","timestamp":1752667088942,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,29]],"date-time":"2019-12-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577577600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Pfizer Pharmaceuticals Korea Ltd."}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J of Rheum Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study examined the degree of gastrointestinal (GI) risk and patient\u2010reported outcomes including GI\u2010related symptoms, adherence to non\u2010steroidal anti\u2010inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), disease activity and quality of life (QoL) in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cross\u2010sectional, observational study conducted at six nationwide, university\u2010based hospitals of Korea. AS patients treated with NSAIDs for at least 2\u00a0weeks were included between March and September 2016. Demographic and clinical data were gathered through a medical chart review and patient survey. GI risk was estimated using Standardized Calculator of Risk for Events (SCORE). NSAIDs adherence was investigated with Morisky Medication Adherence Scale\u20108 (MMAS\u20108). Disease activity and QoL were examined with Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI) and EuroQol\u20103L (EQ\u20105D, EQ\u2010visual analog scale [EQ\u2010VAS]), respectively. Path analysis was implemented to estimate pathways of GI risk, GI symptoms and NSAIDs adherence to QoL.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 596 patients (age: 38.9\u00a0\u00b1\u00a012.6\u00a0years, male: 82.1%) participated in the study, of which 33.2% experienced GI symptoms during NSAID treatment, and 34.2% of them showed ongoing GI symptoms upon enrollment. According to SCORE, 37.1% of patients showed moderate to very high GI risk. No patient showed high adherence according to MMAS\u20108, so 55.3% of patients with moderate adherence were considered adherent. BASDAI and QoL of the total patients were 3.5\u00a0\u00b1\u00a02.0, 0.6\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.3 (EQ\u20105D), and 67.4\u00a0\u00b1\u00a019.8 (EQ\u2010VAS), respectively. From path analyses, higher GI risk significantly lowered QoL.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study suggests timely therapeutic strategies should be implemented to manage GI risk during NSAID treatment in order to effectively manage AS.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1756-185x.13758","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,30]],"date-time":"2019-12-30T05:43:17Z","timestamp":1577684597000},"page":"342-349","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Gastrointestinal risk factors and patient\u2010reported outcomes of ankylosing spondylitis in Korea"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Sang\u2010Hoon","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, Hospital at Gangdong School of Medicine Kyung Hee University Seoul South Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yong\u2010wook","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology Chonnam National University Hospital Gwangju Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jung\u2010Yoon","family":"Choe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology Catholic University of Daegu School of Medicine Daegu Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6749-7598","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kichul","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology SMG\u2010SNU Boramae Medical Center Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seong\u2010Ryul","family":"Kwon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology Inha University Hospital Incheon Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0612-5499","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jin\u2010Hye","family":"Cha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pfizer Pharmaceuticals Korea Limited Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Young\u2010Joo","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pfizer Pharmaceuticals Korea Limited Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juneyoung","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics Korea University College of Medicine Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3542-2276","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tae\u2010Hwan","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology The Hanyang University Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(199801)41:1<58::AID-ART8>3.0.CO;2-G"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2016-210770"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495-199856020-00006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1052-5157(18)30351-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00365528909091171"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(99)70334-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","unstructured":"LianneL.GI joint \u2010 a major in the Spondyloarthritis War Van Nuys CA: Spondylitis Association of America;2019[cited 2019 Jan 15]. 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