{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T19:13:53Z","timestamp":1785870833996,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,29]],"date-time":"2019-12-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577577600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004484","name":"Tehran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["94\u201002\u201041\u201028991"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["94\u201002\u201041\u201028991"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004484","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J of Rheum Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a multifactorial rheumatic disease which mainly involves the axial skeleton. Macrophages and extracellular nucleotides have been shown to contribute to the inflammation process in autoimmune diseases. Membrane\u2010bound purinergic P2 receptors might be involved in the modulation of immune cells in AS. Therefore, we aimed to analyze the messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of P2 receptors in the macrophages of AS patients and healthy controls.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Twenty\u2010three AS patients and 23 age\u2010 and sex\u2010matched healthy individuals were included in our study. Whole blood\u2010separated monocytes of study participants were stimulated by macrophage colony\u2010stimulating factor for 7\u00a0days and differentiated to macrophages. Monocyte and macrophage markers were analyzed by flow cytometry. SYBR green real\u2010time polymerase chain reaction was used to measure the relative expression levels of <jats:italic>P2RX<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub><\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>P2RX<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub><\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>P2RX<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub><\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>P2RX<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub><\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>P2RX<jats:sub>5<\/jats:sub><\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>P2RX<jats:sub>6<\/jats:sub><\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>P2RX<jats:sub>7<\/jats:sub><\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>P2RY<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub><\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>P2RY<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub><\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>P2RY<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub><\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>P2RY<jats:sub>6<\/jats:sub><\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>P2RY<jats:sub>11<\/jats:sub><\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>P2RY<jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub><\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>P2RY<jats:sub>13<\/jats:sub><\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>P2RY<jats:sub>14<\/jats:sub><\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>PANX1<\/jats:italic> genes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>P2RY<jats:sub>13<\/jats:sub><\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>P2RY<jats:sub>6<\/jats:sub><\/jats:italic> genes had the highest expression levels in macrophages\u00a0among <jats:italic>P2RY<\/jats:italic> genes. <jats:italic>P2RY<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub><\/jats:italic> mRNA expression was significantly down\u2010regulated (\u22121.75 fold) and <jats:italic>P2RY<jats:sub>14<\/jats:sub><\/jats:italic> was up\u2010regulated (2.6 fold) in macrophages of AS patients compared to healthy individuals. <jats:italic>P2RX<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub><\/jats:italic> gene had the highest expression in monocyte\u2010derived macrophages, followed by <jats:italic>P2RX<jats:sub>7<\/jats:sub><\/jats:italic> and\u00a0<jats:italic>P2RX<\/jats:italic><jats:sub><jats:italic>1\u00a0<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sub>genes. There was no significant difference in <jats:italic>P2X<\/jats:italic> receptor mRNA expression level between macrophages of AS patients and healthy individuals.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our results indicate that AS patients show altered expression levels of P2 receptor genes. Moreover, these changes might be associated with disease activity and patients\u2019 status.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1756-185x.13783","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,30]],"date-time":"2019-12-30T03:29:26Z","timestamp":1577676566000},"page":"350-357","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["P2 receptors mRNA expression profiles in macrophages from ankylosing spondylitis patients and healthy individuals"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Maryam","family":"Akhtari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell &amp; Molecular Biology School of Biology College of Science University of Tehran Tehran Iran"},{"name":"Rheumatology Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seyed 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