{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T18:57:45Z","timestamp":1787165865513,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,5]],"date-time":"2020-02-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1580860800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J of Rheum Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To assess the validity and reliability of the Work Productivity and Activity Impairment (WPAI) questionnaire in patients with axSpA.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>English\u2010speaking patients seen at a dedicated axSpA clinic in a Singapore tertiary referral hospital were recruited from 2017 to 2019. Content validity of the WPAI was assessed through cognitive debriefing interviews (CDIs). Construct validity was assessed by a priori hypotheses regarding the correlations of the WPAI outcomes (absenteeism, presenteeism, overall work productivity loss, and activity impairment) with Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index (BASFI), Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Patient Global Score (BAS\u2010G), patient global assessment (PGA) and pain scores. Known group validity was assessed relative to disease activity. Test\u2010retest reliability was assessed by intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) in patients without treatment change 2\u00a0weeks apart.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Cognitive debriefing interviews conducted with 10 patients (22\u201046\u00a0years old, 50% male) supported the content validity of the WPAI. We analyzed cross\u2010sectional data from 168 patients (mean [SD] age 41.0 [14.4], 79.8% male). Construct validity was established by meeting 100% of the hypotheses. Presenteeism, overall work productivity loss, and activity impairment demonstrated strong correlations with BASFI, BAS\u2010G, PGA, and pain (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>s<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u00a0&gt;\u00a0.6). The WPAI was able to distinguish patients grouped by disease activity. Test\u2010retest reliability conducted with 50 patients ranged from moderate to good for all the four outcomes (absenteeism: ICC\u00a0=\u00a00.54; presenteeism: ICC\u00a0=\u00a00.76; activity impairment: ICC\u00a0=\u00a00.79; overall work productivity loss: ICC\u00a0=\u00a00.83; all\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a0.01).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study supports the content validity, construct validity, and test\u2010retest reliability of the WPAI in patients with axSpA.<\/jats:p>\n                  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