{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T17:16:45Z","timestamp":1784913405072,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,27]],"date-time":"2020-02-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1582761600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J of Rheum Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cognitive impairment is common in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients with substantial adverse effects on function and quality of life. One hypothesis to understand the mechanisms of cognitive impairment in SLE is accelerated immunosenescence. The aim of this study is to observe the correlation between immunosenescence with cognitive impairment in patients with SLE.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sixty\u2010one female SLE patient were measured for CD4 and CD8 T cell\u2010associated senescence markers, including percentage of end\u2010stage differentiated T cells (CD4 and CD8 T cells expressing CD57<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> or loss of CD28 expression), of na\u00efve T cells (CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>CD45RA<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> and CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>CD45RA<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>), memory T cells (CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>CD45RO<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> and CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>CD45RO<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>), and antigen\u2010experienced T cells (CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>KLRG1<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> and CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>KLRG1<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>) which were measured using flow cytometry. One hallmark of immunosenescence called immune risk profile (IRP) was defined by an inverted ratio of CD4 and CD8. Cognitive functions were measured by Mini\u2010Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Montr\u00e9al Cognitive Assessment (MOCA) questionnaire.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Thirty\u2010six (59.1%) SLE patients who had IRP develop significantly lower attention and recall from both MMSE (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.005 and <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.000) and MOCA (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.017 and <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.000) examinations. Decreased visuospatial ability was also found in patients with IRP measured by MOCA (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.046). There was a negative correlation between memory CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>CD45RO<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells with recall and visuospatial domain (R\u00a0=\u00a0\u22120.204, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.039 and R\u00a0=\u00a0\u22120.250, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.033; respectively), and negative correlation between CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>CD28<jats:sup>\u2010<\/jats:sup> T cells with recall and attention domain (R\u00a0=\u00a0\u22120.249, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.027 and R\u00a0=\u00a0\u22120.145, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.048, respectively).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Systemic lupus erythematosus patients develop an accelerated immunosenescence which contributes to cognitive dysfunction, especially in attention, recall, and visuospatial domains.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1756-185x.13816","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,28]],"date-time":"2020-02-28T02:25:38Z","timestamp":1582856738000},"page":"620-626","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Accelerated immune aging was correlated with lupus\u2010associated brain fog in reproductive\u2010age systemic lupus erythematosus patients"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Handono","family":"Kalim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology and Immunology Division Department of Internal Medicine Faculty of Medicine Brawijaya University Malang Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0906-9939","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mirza Zaka","family":"Pratama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology and Immunology Division Department of Internal Medicine Faculty of Medicine Brawijaya University Malang Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ernes","family":"Mahardini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology and Immunology Division Department of Internal Medicine Faculty of Medicine Brawijaya University Malang Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eden Suryoiman","family":"Winoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology and Immunology Division Department of Internal Medicine Faculty of Medicine Brawijaya University Malang Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pratista Adi","family":"Krisna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology and Immunology Division Department of Internal Medicine Faculty of Medicine Brawijaya University Malang Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kusworini","family":"Handono","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pathology Faculty of Medicine Brawijaya University Malang Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(199904)42:4<599::AID-ANR2>3.0.CO;2-F"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.111504"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.berh.2005.04.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2015.01.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2015.12.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.201602-095AW"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2011.06297.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12948-017-0077-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.0809566"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2010.3228"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","first-page":"19","article-title":"The mini mental state examination in healthy individuals in Medan Indonesia by age and education level","volume":"6","author":"Sjahrir H","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neurol J Southeast Asia"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","first-page":"4","article-title":"Montreal cognitive assessment versi indonesia (moca\u2010ina) untuk skrining gangguan fungsi kognitif","volume":"27","author":"Husein N","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurona (Majalah Kedokteran Neuro Sains Perhimpunan Dokter Spesialis Saraf. 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