{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T02:34:49Z","timestamp":1773282889714,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,13]],"date-time":"2020-08-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1597276800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":12,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J of Rheum Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>To describe the first Australian cases of severe acute respiratory syndrome\u2010coronavirus 2 (SARS\u2010CoV2) disease (COVID\u201019) pneumonia treated with the interleukin\u20106 receptor antagonist tocilizumab.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Retrospective, open\u2010label, real\u2010world, uncontrolled, single\u2010arm case series conducted in 2 tertiary hospitals in NSW, Australia and 1 tertiary hospital in Victoria, Australia. Five adult male patients aged between 46 and 74\u00a0years with type 1 respiratory failure due to COVID\u201019 pneumonia requiring intensive care unit (ICU) admission and biochemical evidence of systemic hyperinflammation (C\u2010reactive protein greater than 100\u00a0mg\/L; ferritin greater than 700\u00a0\u03bcg\/L) were administered variable\u2010dose tocilizumab.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>At between 13 and 26\u00a0days follow\u2010up, all patients are alive and have been discharged from ICU. Two patients have been discharged home. Two patients avoided endotracheal intubation. Oxygen therapy has been ceased in three patients. Four adverse events potentially associated with tocilizumab therapy occurred in three patients: ventilator\u2010associated pneumonia, bacteremia associated with central venous catheterization, myositis and hepatitis. All patients received broad\u2010spectrum antibiotics, 4 received corticosteroids and 2 received both lopinavir\/ritonavir and hydroxychloroquine. The time from first tocilizumab administration to improvement in ventilation, defined as a 25% reduction in fraction of inspired oxygen required to maintain peripheral oxygen saturation greater than 92%, ranged from 7\u00a0hours to 4.6\u00a0days.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Tocilizumab use was associated with favorable clinical outcome in our patients. We recommend tocilizumab be included in randomized controlled trials of treatment for patients with severe COVID\u201019 pneumonia, and be considered for compassionate use in such patients pending the results of these trials.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1756-185x.13913","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,14]],"date-time":"2020-08-14T01:28:21Z","timestamp":1597368501000},"page":"1030-1039","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Tocilizumab for severe COVID\u201019 pneumonia: Case series of 5 Australian patients"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5469-5501","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Timothy A.","family":"West","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology and Allergy Campbelltown Hospital Sydney NSW 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