{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T12:16:33Z","timestamp":1788264993102,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,10]],"date-time":"2020-08-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1597017600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J of Rheum Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>Few, separate, small retrospective studies in giant cell arteritis (GCA) reported that patients: (a) with diabetes mellitus had less positive temporal artery biopsies (TAB); (b) on angiotensin\u2010converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE\u2010I) or angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARB) experienced fewer relapses; and (c) on statins experienced the same frequency of clinical complications and relapses as non\u2010exposed patients. This retrospective chart review study simultaneously investigated the impact of these 3 factors on a cohort of patients followed in 2 large Canadian centers (Hamilton and Toronto, ON).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>One hundred and thirty\u2010seven patients diagnosed with GCA between 1993 and 2015 were included in the study. Presenting symptoms, TAB results, disease complications and outcomes (relapses, duration of glucocorticoid use) were compared between exposed (diabetes\/ACE\/ARB\/statin) and non\u2010exposed patients, with adjustment for main potential confounding variables.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Temporal artery biopsies was less often positive in patients with pre\u2010existing diabetes (relative risk 0.24; 95% CI: 0.069\u20100.81). Patients who developed diabetes after diagnosis had a lower relapse\u2010free survival (adjusted hazards ratio [HR] 0.28; 95% CI: 0.095\u20100.84). Patients taking ARBs prior to diagnosis were more likely to successfully discontinue glucocorticoids without a flare in the following 3\u00a0months (adjusted HR 2.46; 95% CI: 1.2\u20105.3). Clinical complications and relapse rates did not differ between patients on statin therapy or not.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Diabetic patients with GCA were less likely to have a positive TAB, and more likely to relapse. ARB therapy prior to diagnosis showed an association with success at discontinuing glucocorticoids. Statin therapy did not alter the clinical presentation or course of GCA.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1756-185x.13914","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,10]],"date-time":"2020-08-10T20:44:59Z","timestamp":1597092299000},"page":"1233-1239","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Impact of diabetes, angiotensin\u2010converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin II receptor blocker use, and statin use on presentation and outcomes in patients with giant cell arteritis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Jocelyn","family":"Ma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Toronto Western Hospital University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nader","family":"Khalidi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology St Joseph's Healthcare McMaster University Hamilton 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