{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T11:17:15Z","timestamp":1776338235405,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,17]],"date-time":"2021-09-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1631836800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J of Rheum Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>Studies on polymorphisms of the cytotoxic T lymphocytes associated antigen\u20104 (CTLA\u20104) genes in rheumatic disease patients are limited in Southeast Asia. This pilot study aimed to determine CTLA\u20104 polymorphisms in Thai patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and systemic sclerosis (SSc), and correlate them with serology.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>One\u2010hundred RA, 70 SLE and 50 SSc patients, and 99 healthy controls (HCs) were included in this study. Polymorphisms of the CTLA\u20104 gene at +49A\/G, \u2212318C\/T, \u22121661A\/G and \u22121722T\/C loci were determined by polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism methods. Patient serum samples were determined as follows: RA (rheumatoid factor [RF] and anticyclic citrullinated peptide [anti\u2010CCP]), SLE (antinuclear antibodies [ANA], anti\u2010double\u2010stranded DNA [anti\u2010dsDNA], anti\u2010Smith [anti\u2010Sm], anti\u2010ribonucleoprotein [anti\u2010RNP], and anti\u2010Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome antigen A [SSA]), and SSc (ANA, anti\u2010RNP, anti\u2010SSA, anti\u2010topoisomerase\u20101 [anti\u2010Scl70], and anti\u2010centromere antibodies [ACA]).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Among the 4 loci studied (+49A\/G, \u2212318C\/T, \u22121661A\/G and \u22121722T\/C) only the A allele frequency at the +49A\/G was significantly higher in the RA patients than their HCs (47.25% vs 35.86%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.029, odds ratio [OR] 1.60; 95% CI 1.04\u20102.47). It also was significantly higher in the subgroup of RA patients with positive RF and anti\u2010CCP than their HCs (47.50% vs 35.86%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.020, OR 1.62; 95% CI 1.06\u20102.47 and 48.89% vs 35.86%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.012, OR 1.71; 95% CI 1.11\u20102.64, respectively). No polymorphisms at these 4 loci were observed in SLE or SSc patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The A allele at +49A\/G locus of the CTLA\u20104 gene was associated with RA in Thais.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1756-185x.14219","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,17]],"date-time":"2021-09-17T14:17:01Z","timestamp":1631888221000},"page":"1378-1385","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["CTLA\u20104 polymorphisms in Thai patients with rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and systemic sclerosis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3105-6122","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Worawit","family":"Louthrenoo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology Department of Internal Medicine Faculty of Medicine Chiang Mai University  Chiang Mai 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