{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T02:08:25Z","timestamp":1790129305278,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,15]],"date-time":"2022-04-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1649980800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J of Rheum Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Differences in proteomic profiles between men and women may provide insights into the biological pathways that contribute to known sex differences in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Studies focusing on sex differences in circulating proteins in RA patients are scarce. Our objective was to investigate the sex differences in circulating proteins of RA patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cohort study enrolling 399 RA patients. Ninety\u2010four circulating protein\u2010biomarkers (92CVDIIOlink<jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>\u00a0+\u00a0troponin\u2010T\u00a0+\u00a0C\u2010reactive protein) were measured. Clinical, demographic, and echocardiographic characteristics were compared between men and women. Sex differences in biomarker expression were assessed using regression modeling.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In all, 306 (76.7%) patients were women. Compared with men, women had less visceral fat, smoked less, had diabetes and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease less frequently, and expressed more fatigue, anxiety, and depression. The association with cardiovascular outcomes did not differ between sexes. After adjusting for potential confounders, women expressed higher levels of circulating proteins related to adipokine signaling and vascular function (eg, leptin and vascular endothelial growth factor), whereas men expressed higher levels of circulating proteins related to extracellular matrix organization and inflammation (eg, matrix metalloproteinase\u20102 and C\u2010reactive protein). These results were not found in patients without RA.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sex differences in circulating proteins reflect distinct pathways implicated in the pathogenesis of RA, including inflammation, adiposity, angiogenesis, and extracellular matrix organization. These findings may help further investigations into factors underlying sex\u2010based differences and allow future studies focused on sex\u2010specific personalized treatment approaches in RA.<\/jats:p><jats:p>ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT03960515.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1756-185x.14323","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,16]],"date-time":"2022-04-16T06:25:05Z","timestamp":1650090305000},"page":"669-677","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Sex differences in circulating proteins of patients with rheumatoid arthritis: A cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5818-1025","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Bet\u00e2nia","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"UMIB \u2010 Unidade Multidisciplinar de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Biom\u00e9dica ICBAS \u2010 Instituto de Ci\u00eancia Biom\u00e9dicas Abel Salazar Universidade Porto  Porto Portugal"},{"name":"Hospital da Luz Arr\u00e1bida  Porto Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tom\u00e1s","family":"Fonseca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Hospitalar Universit\u00e1rio do Porto  Porto Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rita","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Hospitalar Universit\u00e1rio do Porto  Porto Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ant\u00f3nio","family":"Marinho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Hospitalar Universit\u00e1rio do Porto  Porto Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 C.","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Hospitalar Universit\u00e1rio do Porto  Porto Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Faiez","family":"Zannad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre d'Investigations Cliniques\u2010Plurith\u00e9matique 1433, and INSERM U1116 CHRU, F\u2010CRIN INI\u2010CRCT (Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists)  Nancy France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Rossignol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre d'Investigations Cliniques\u2010Plurith\u00e9matique 1433, and INSERM U1116 CHRU, F\u2010CRIN INI\u2010CRCT (Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists)  Nancy France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patr\u00edcia","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Hospitalar Universit\u00e1rio do Porto  Porto Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ant\u00f3nio S.","family":"Barros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery and Physiology, Cardiovascular Research and Development Unit Faculty of Medicine University of Porto  Porto Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o P.","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre d'Investigations Cliniques\u2010Plurith\u00e9matique 1433, and INSERM U1116 CHRU, F\u2010CRIN INI\u2010CRCT (Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists)  Nancy France"},{"name":"Department of Surgery and Physiology, Cardiovascular Research and Development Unit Faculty of Medicine University of Porto  Porto Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","first-page":"524","article-title":"The epidemiology of rheumatoid arthritis: a review. 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