{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T22:48:35Z","timestamp":1785797315604,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,6]],"date-time":"2022-06-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654473600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J of Rheum Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>The goal of treatment in palindromic rheumatism (PR) is to control the attacks and prevent disease evolution to chronic arthritis. Conventional synthetic disease\u2010modifying antirheumatic drugs (csDMARDs) including antimalarial and methotrexate cannot control attacks in all patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this retrospective study, we assessed the efficacy of leflunomide in patients with PR who had an inadequate response to DMARDs. In this study, patients who had a diagnosis of PR and were treated with leflunomide because of active disease despite treatment with csDMARDs for at least 6\u00a0months were included. Remission was defined as no attacks for 3\u00a0months and prednisolone dose \u22645\u00a0mg\/d. Leflunomide treatment failure was defined as failure to achieve remission, the need to add other DMARDs for controlling attacks and disease progression to chronic arthritis during treatment with leflunomide.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Ten cases with active disease despite treatment with hydroxychloroquine and methotrexate and low\u2010dose prednisolone treated with leflunomide were included in the study. During the 12.6\u2009\u00b1\u20097.5\u00a0months of treatment with leflunomide, the frequency of attacks significantly decreased. Complete and partial remission were achieved in 90% of patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our results indicate that leflunomide controls PR attacks and it might be a new option for patients with PR.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1756-185x.14364","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,6]],"date-time":"2022-06-06T08:03:15Z","timestamp":1654502595000},"page":"893-896","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Efficacy of leflunomide in the treatment of palindromic rheumatism"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Maryam","family":"Sadri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Connective Tissue Diseases Research Center Tabriz University of Medical Sciences  Tabriz 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