{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T13:08:45Z","timestamp":1787317725414,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,24]],"date-time":"2022-06-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656028800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J of Rheum Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic systemic inflammatory disorder which mainly affects small joints, occurs most commonly in middle\u2010aged adults, and can be fatal in severe cases. The exact etiology of RA remains unknown. However, uncontrolled expression of pro\u2010inflammatory cytokines and chemokines can contribute to the pathogenesis of RA.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In the current study, we assessed the potential of serum concentrations of interleukin (IL)\u20101\u03b2, IL\u20106, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)\u2010\u03b1, IL\u20108, and C\u2010C motif chemokine ligand (CCL)5 as early predictive markers for RA.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In addition to clinical examination, blood samples were collected from 100 Saudi patients recently diagnosed with early RA for basic and serological tests, including rheumatoid factor (RF), C\u2010reactive protein (CRP), and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). Sera of 32 healthy individuals were used as controls. Specific enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assay was used to quantify the serum IL\n                      <jats:italic>\u2010<\/jats:italic>\n                      1\u03b2, IL\u20106, TNF\u2010\u03b1, IL\u20108, and CCL5 levels in the samples.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Our results indicated that RF, CRP, and ESR levels were higher in RA patients compared to controls. Furthermore, serum levels of IL\n                      <jats:italic>\u2010<\/jats:italic>\n                      1\u03b2, IL\u20106, IL\u20108, and CCL5, but not TNF\u2010\u03b1, significantly increased in RA patients compared to controls.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Overall, the findings suggested that IL\u20101\u03b2, IL\u20106, IL\u20108, and CCL5 can be used as biomarkers in the early diagnosis of RA.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1756-185x.14373","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,24]],"date-time":"2022-06-24T03:19:31Z","timestamp":1656040771000},"page":"1013-1019","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Assessment of IL\u20101\u03b2, IL\u20106, TNF\u2010\u03b1, IL\u20108, and CCL 5 levels in newly 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