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This study assessed the effects of TGF in male Sprague\u2010Dawley rats with anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) \u2010induced KOA.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Thirty rats underwent ACLT surgery and were assigned to either the control group, ACLT alone, ACLT + low\u2010dose TGF (1000\u2009mg\/kg), ACLT + high\u2010dose TGF (3000\u2009mg\/kg), or ACLT + celecoxib (30\u2009mg\/kg). All rats were subjected to micro\u2010computed tomography (micro\u2010CT), weight\u2010bearing behavioral testing, and histological inspections of the knee joint for evidence of structural changes in articular bone, cartilage and synovium.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>After 6\u2009weeks, force discrepancies in weight\u2010bearing distribution between the normal hind and postoperative limbs revealed superiority with high\u2010dose TGF (18.00\u2009\u00b1\u20095.93\u2009g) and celecoxib (18.68\u2009\u00b1\u20095.29\u2009g) versus both ACLT alone (41.29\u2009\u00b1\u20097.06\u2009g) and low\u2010dose TGF (37.00\u2009\u00b1\u20097.40\u2009g). Micro\u2010CT images revealed that high\u2010dose TGF and celecoxib similarly improved subchondral bone architecture, protected articular cartilage after ACLT, and downregulated proinflammatory cytokines interleukin\u20101\u03b2 and tumor necrosis factor\u2010\u03b1 in the cartilage and synovial sections.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>High\u2010dose TGF induced the smallest amount of KOA\u2010associated bone loss. Anti\u2010inflammatory, anti\u2010oxidative, and immunomodulatory effects of TGF were accompanied by reductions in proinflammatory cytokines and improvements in pain and function. TGF\u2010induced anti\u2010osteoporotic activity and inhibition of cartilage degradation were reflected by micro\u2010CT and histological analysis. The findings help to explain how TGF alleviates symptoms of KOA.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1756-185x.14497","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,19]],"date-time":"2022-11-19T17:50:26Z","timestamp":1668880226000},"page":"316-326","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["High\u2010dose<scp>Tiger\u2010Gian<\/scp>formula protects the knee joint from surgically induced osteoarthritis in rats"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4496-5870","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pu\u2010Wei","family":"Hou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chinese Medicine China Medical University Hospital Taichung Taiwan"},{"name":"Graduate Institute of Chinese Medicine China Medical University Taichung 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