{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T19:00:04Z","timestamp":1772132404511,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,20]],"date-time":"2023-01-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1674172800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J of Rheum Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a persistent systemic autoimmune disease, having all the hallmarks of joint swelling, joint tenderness, and progressive joint destruction, with synovitis and pannus formation as the basic pathological changes. T\u2010lymphocyte infiltration is the key to its pathogenesis. During the growth of RA, the share of regulatory T (Treg) cells decreases, while the percentage of T helper type 17 (Th17) cells increases, giving rise to an imbalance of Th17\/Treg cells. Modern medicine has made great advances in the treatment of RA and the selection of available drugs, but there are also the disadvantages of gastrointestinal reaction, high price, and low patient compliance. Therapy of RA remains a problem. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has RA therapy developments, both in experimental research and clinical research, and its advantages of lasting effects and less detrimental reactions and fewer adverse effects are accepted by most patients. Numerous clinical and experimental studies have been performed in TCM on regulating Th17\/Treg balance. However, the detailed mechanism of TCM intervention in Th17\/Treg equilibrium in preventing and treating RA has not been discovered. In this article, the theory of regulating Th17\/Treg cell equilibrium in RA is described from the perspectives of single Chinese medicine, active components of Chinese medicine, Chinese medicine compounds, and other therapies of TCM. It was found that TCM can regulate Th17\/Treg cell balance and inhibit immunoreaction by intervening in cytokines, transcription factors, and signal pathways. It enables us to comprehensively and deeply understand the mechanism of TCM intervening in Th17\/Treg balance in RA; provides direction for clinical therapy of RA; and offers new thoughts for understanding the pathogenesis of RA.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1756-185x.14560","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,21]],"date-time":"2023-01-21T01:14:55Z","timestamp":1674263695000},"page":"613-624","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["The role, targets and mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicine in regulating the balance of T helper type 17\/regulatory Tcells in rheumatoid arthritis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4462-6358","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tao","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Gansu University of Chinese Medicine  Lanzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhandong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gansu University of Chinese Medicine  Lanzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wenxia","family":"Qi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gansu University of Chinese Medicine  Lanzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ganggang","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gansu University of Chinese Medicine  Lanzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Affiliated Hospital of Gansu University of Chinese Medicine  Lanzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1381612820666140825122247"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.00353"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2013.12.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2022.109095"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0963689719871000"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.17399"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","first-page":"1657","article-title":"Molecular mechanism of Th17\/Treg imbalance influenced by exogenous pathogens of \"wind cold and dampness\" in promoting the occurrence of RA","volume":"1","author":"Zhang F","year":"2014","journal-title":"J TCM"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","first-page":"79","article-title":"Relationship between Th17 and Treg cell differentiation balance and the occurrence and development of RA","volume":"1","author":"Wu XL","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","first-page":"267","article-title":"Study on ratio imbalance of peripheral blood Th17\/Treg cells in patients with RA","volume":"26","author":"Niu Q","year":"2010","journal-title":"Xi Bao Yu Fen Zi Mian Yi Xue Za Zhi"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","first-page":"267","article-title":"Study on Th17\/Treg ratio imbalance in peripheral blood of patients with RA","volume":"26","author":"Qian N","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Cell Mol Immunol"},{"issue":"16","key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","first-page":"1814","article-title":"Research progress on the relationship between Th17 cells and IL\u201017 and RA","volume":"28","author":"Yaqin C","year":"2019","journal-title":"China J Mod Integr Trad Western Med"},{"issue":"24","key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","first-page":"48","article-title":"Significance of Th17\/Treg balance in pathogenesis and treatment of RA","volume":"12","author":"Zhang Y","year":"2015","journal-title":"China Med Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2009.05.001"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","first-page":"214","article-title":"Research progress on pharmacological action and clinical application of resveratrol","volume":"37","author":"Qi Z","year":"2022","journal-title":"Hwaseo JPharm"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","first-page":"8","article-title":"Mechanism of resveratrol in improving RA by remodeling intestinal flora","volume":"54","author":"Ji K","year":"2022","journal-title":"New Chin Med"},{"issue":"20","key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","first-page":"5218","article-title":"Research progress in pharmacology and toxicology of evodiamine","volume":"46","author":"Chunqi Y","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chin J TCM"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jphp.13238"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","first-page":"592","article-title":"Progress in pharmacological study of total saponins of Achyranthes bidentata on knee osteoarthritis","volume":"32","author":"Jingjie H","year":"2021","journal-title":"New Drugs Clin Pharmacol Chin Materia Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","first-page":"70","article-title":"Effect of total saponins of Achyranthes bidentata on the balance of Th17\/Treg and the demonstration of IL\u20102, IL\u20106 and TNF\u2010\u03b1 in synovial tissue of RA rats","volume":"33","author":"Xianmei S","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chin Med Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","first-page":"112","article-title":"Advances in studies on chemical constituents, processing and pharmacological activities of Sophora japonica L","volume":"45","author":"Qiuhong L","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chinese J TCM"},{"issue":"20","key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","first-page":"25","article-title":"Effects of Sophora japonica extract on the balance of Th17\/t re g cells in RA rats","volume":"16","author":"Zhongqiu L","year":"2019","journal-title":"China Med News"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2008.12.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/intimm\/dxn002"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","first-page":"201","article-title":"Advances in pharmacological action of artesunate in the treatment of RA","volume":"38","author":"Ying Z","year":"2019","journal-title":"Shandong J TCM"},{"issue":"24","key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","first-page":"203","article-title":"Study on the clinical pharmacological action of berberine in Coptis chinensis","volume":"19","author":"Qian H","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mod Dis Educ Chin Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2017.4232"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","first-page":"1309","article-title":"Research progress on pharmacological action of cryptotanshinone","volume":"37","author":"Jin Z","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chinese Patent Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2017.05.006"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","first-page":"12","article-title":"Study on the pharmacological mechanism of naringin based on network pharmacology","volume":"28","author":"Deyan C","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chinese Contemporary Med"},{"issue":"15","key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","first-page":"11","article-title":"Up\u2010regulation of Mir\u201021 by naringin ameliorates large Treg\/Th17 imbalance in RA","volume":"52","author":"Ye H","year":"2020","journal-title":"New Chin Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10495-019-01548-6"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","first-page":"1903","article-title":"Advances in pharmacokinetics of oxymatrine","volume":"43","author":"Mingfa Z","year":"2020","journal-title":"Drug Evaluation Stud"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","first-page":"779","article-title":"Effects of oxymatrine on Treg and Th17 cells in CIA rats","volume":"30","author":"Gan C","year":"2019","journal-title":"Shi Zhenguo Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","first-page":"201","article-title":"Advances in studies on chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of Cinnamomum cassia","volume":"17","author":"Mingzhe G","year":"2021","journal-title":"Asia\u2010Pacific Trad Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2019.104513"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1414189111"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2015-10-678706"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2012.09.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI42856"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2011.02.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2011-01-333039"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2011-02-336552"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18030484"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17474086.2018.1452611"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_46_1","first-page":"58","article-title":"Anthocyanin and cornflower biological activity and antioxidant function research progress","volume":"1","author":"Liu DI","year":"2021","journal-title":"J jILin Inst of Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.108359"},{"issue":"18","key":"e_1_2_9_48_1","first-page":"2799","article-title":"Research progress of pharmacological action and medicinal preparation of allicin","volume":"33","author":"Ming H","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mod Med Health"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.2034"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2016.12.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.946030"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_9_52_1","first-page":"246","article-title":"Effects of baicalin on JAK\/STAT3 signaling pathway and Th17\/Treg immune balance in collagen\u2010induced arthritis rats","volume":"23","author":"Fengmiao W","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chin Pharm"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_53_1","volume-title":"The Effect of Qingluotongbi Recipe on the Balance of Th17\/Treg Cells in Patients with RA [D]","author":"Huimin L","year":"2021"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_9_54_1","first-page":"8","article-title":"Effect of Duhuo Jisheng decoction on th17treg balance in RA with deficiency of liver and kidney due to cold\u2010dampness obstruction","volume":"34","author":"Haiyan Z","year":"2021","journal-title":"Western China Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_9_55_1","first-page":"800","article-title":"Effect of Duhuo Jisheng decoction on the immune balance of th17treg cells in the pathogenesis of RA disease","volume":"37","author":"Xian Z","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gansu Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13880209.2020.1720745"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114928"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_9_58_1","first-page":"967","article-title":"Effect of Zishentongluo recipe on the differentiation and activity of Th17 cells in mice","volume":"40","author":"Pei Y","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chin J Integr Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_9_59_1","first-page":"720","article-title":"Effect of Zishentongluo recipe on differentiation and balance of Th17\/Treg cells in mice with collagen\u2010induced arthritis","volume":"35","author":"Feiya Q","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chin J Pharmacol"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_9_60_1","first-page":"1204","article-title":"Xianlong granule was used to treat 120 cases of RA","volume":"36","author":"Jin Y","year":"2015","journal-title":"Shaanxi TCM"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_2_9_61_1","first-page":"2023","article-title":"The therapeutic effect of Xianlong granule combined with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell on RA rats and its effect on the balance of helper T cell 17regulatory T cell","volume":"16","author":"Wenxin Z","year":"2021","journal-title":"World J Integr Chin Western Med"},{"issue":"21","key":"e_1_2_9_62_1","first-page":"5658","article-title":"Progress in material basis research of Danggui buxue decoction","volume":"51","author":"Jing H","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chin Herbal Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_9_63_1","first-page":"1277","article-title":"Effect of Chinese angelica blood\u2010tonifying decoction\u2010containing serum on TNF\u2010\u03b1 effect of inducing proliferation of HFLS\u2010RA cells","volume":"44","author":"Yanxin H","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chin Patent Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_9_64_1","first-page":"85","article-title":"Effect of Qufengxiaoyan decoction on transcription factor ROR of Th17\/Treg cells in synovial tissue of RA rats\u03b3tAnd Foxp3 demonstration","volume":"38","author":"Shuangshuang C","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sichuan TCM"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13020-021-00448-9"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_2_9_66_1","first-page":"80","article-title":"Mo Juan\u2010fen.Effects of cold relaxation and dehumidification on Th17\/Treg cell balance in patients with RA with cold and humidity obstruction","volume":"53","author":"Ling\u2010Juan R","year":"2021","journal-title":"New TCM"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_9_67_1","first-page":"1404","article-title":"Effect of moxibustion on Th17\/Treg balance in experimental RA rabbits","volume":"25","author":"Gao Xiuhua LIU","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chin J Basic Med TCM"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_9_68_1","first-page":"4029","article-title":"An analysis of Treg\/Th17 cells imbalance associated microRNA networks regulated by moxibustion therapy on Zusanli (ST36) and Shenshu (BL23) in mice with collagen induced arthritis","volume":"11","author":"Chuang Z","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Trans Res"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_9_69_1","first-page":"113","article-title":"Effects of moxibustion on Treg\/Th17 cells and Galectin\u20109 in collagen\u2010induced arthritis mice","volume":"20","author":"Chuang Z","year":"2018","journal-title":"J TCM"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/acupmed-2014-010732"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_71_1","first-page":"5105545","article-title":"Wu\u2010Teng\u2010Gao external treatment improves Th17\/Treg balance in RA","volume":"2022","author":"Xueming Y","year":"2022","journal-title":"Evid Based Complement Alternat Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_9_72_1","first-page":"684","article-title":"Mechanism of tripterygium wILfordii polyglycosides down\u2010regulating Mir\u2010146a demonstration to improve the number of Th17 and Treg cells in patients with RA","volume":"19","author":"Ma Y","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Educ General Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_9_73_1","first-page":"64","article-title":"Modern pharmacological action and new clinical use of Yunnan Baiyao","volume":"18","author":"Meiqiong Y","year":"2009","journal-title":"Chin J Ethnic Folk Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_74_1","first-page":"3764444","article-title":"Yunnan Baiyao ameliorates RA in rats by shifting the Th17\/Treg cell balance and preventing osteoclast differentiation","volume":"2022","author":"Xiaobin R","year":"2022","journal-title":"Evid Based Complement Alternat Med"},{"issue":"16","key":"e_1_2_9_75_1","first-page":"213","article-title":"Research progress of Chinese medicine on Th17\/Treg balance in ulcerative colitis","volume":"25","author":"Dongsheng W","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chin J Ex Formul Chin Med"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Rheumatic Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/1756-185X.14560","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/1756-185X.14560","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/1756-185X.14560","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,12]],"date-time":"2025-08-12T10:50:33Z","timestamp":1754995833000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/1756-185X.14560"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,20]]},"references-count":74,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/1756-185X.14560"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1756-185x.14560","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1756-1841","1756-185X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1756-1841","type":"print"},{"value":"1756-185X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-10-13","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-12-24","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-01-20","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}