{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]],"date-time":"2025-05-14T00:29:47Z","timestamp":1747182587981,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,16]],"date-time":"2023-02-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1676505600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J of Rheum Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) may predispose patients to opportunistic infections\u2014either from innate immune dysregulation, or as a result of immunosuppressant use to treat the RA. Particularly concerning opportunistic infections are those caused by non\u2010tuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) organisms, the incidence of which has been increasing in epidemiological studies. Despite this, guidelines on the management of patients with RA who develop NTM infections are scarce, particularly with respect to immunosuppressant regimen modulation and duration of antibiotic therapy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Case Report<\/jats:title><jats:p>Herein, we present a case of disseminated <jats:italic>Mycobacterium chelonae<\/jats:italic> infection, manifesting as arthralgia and cutaneous nodules.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>In addition, a review of the literature was conducted to Preferred Reporting Items for Systemic Reviews and Meta\u2010Analyses guidelines to identify similar cases in the literature\u2014revealing that all RA\u2010associated <jats:italic>M. Chelonae<\/jats:italic> infections occurred in immunosuppressed patients (the majority with corticosteroids or tumor necrosis factor inhibitors), and considerable heterogeneity in management approaches. Further research regarding risk factors, preventative approaches and best management of such NTM infections in vulnerable patients with RA is required in order to establish consensus guidelines and consistency.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1756-185x.14605","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,17]],"date-time":"2023-02-17T06:13:20Z","timestamp":1676614400000},"page":"1167-1171","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Disseminated <i>Mycobacterium chelonae<\/i> infection complicating rheumatoid arthritis: A case report and review of the literature"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9263-3889","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James P.","family":"Pham","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"St Vincent's Hospital Sydney  Sydney New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"St Vincent's Clinical School University of New South Wales  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