{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T13:31:49Z","timestamp":1791811909909,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,20]],"date-time":"2023-07-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1689811200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100020084","name":"Guangzhou Municipal Science and Technology Bureau","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["201904010177"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["201904010177"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100020084","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003453","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019A1515011636"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019A1515011636"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003453","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J of Rheum Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In previous reports, proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use increased the risk of gout. However, there is no epidemiological study investigating this association. We aimed to examine the potential impact of PPI treatment on the risk of developing gout.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A population\u2010based case\u2013control study was performed using a Longitudinal Health Insurance Database 2000 from Taiwan (population 23 million). We identified gout cases and non\u2010gout controls through propensity score matching at 1:1, which was matched by sex and age. We used a conditional logistic regression model to estimate an odds ratio and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for gout population versus controls.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Esomeprazole increased the risk of gout after adjusting confounding variables (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.3; 95% CI 1.0\u20131.6). The risk of gout was highest within 30\u2009days of PPI treatment (aOR 1.7; 95% CI 1.4\u20131.9) and attenuated thereafter. The risk of gout was increased among female users of PPI compared with male users (aOR 2.2; 95% CI 1.7\u20132.8). The aOR of gout in people with PPI use was higher in middle\u2010aged individuals (41\u201360\u2009years: aOR 2.1; 95% CI 1.7\u20132.7) than in the older group (\u226560\u2009years: aOR 1.8; 95% CI 1.5\u20132.2).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our findings provide population\u2010level evidence for the hypothesis that PPI treatment is positively associated with the risk of developing gout. Further research on the mechanism underlying this association is warranted.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1756-185x.14834","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,20]],"date-time":"2023-07-20T10:51:02Z","timestamp":1689850262000},"page":"1799-1806","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Proton pump inhibitor use associated with an increased risk of gout: A population\u2010based case\u2013control study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Kai\u2010Jun","family":"Zhu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine  Guangzhou China"},{"name":"Department of Rheumatology Zhengzhou Second Hospital  Zhengzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0025-8100","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wei","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine  Guangzhou China"},{"name":"Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiao\u2010Na","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine  Guangzhou China"},{"name":"Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pei\u2010Lun","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Research Chung Shan Medical University Hospital  Taichung Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chang\u2010Song","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine  Guangzhou China"},{"name":"Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing\u2010Yang","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Research Chung Shan Medical University Hospital  Taichung Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1235-0679","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James Cheng\u2010Chung","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Allergy, Immunology &amp; 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