{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T21:14:31Z","timestamp":1793654071721,"version":"4.5.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,8]],"date-time":"2024-04-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1712534400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":7,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001321","name":"National Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001321","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008005","name":"Yonsei University College of Medicine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008005","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J of Rheum Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Infections are considered risk factors for autoimmune inflammatory rheumatic diseases (AIRDs), the incidence of which is considered to have been impacted by the COVID\u201019 pandemic. The impact of non\u2010pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) on the incidence of AIRDs and their associated health care services and medical expenses in Korea was investigated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We included all AIRD cases reported between January 2016 and February 2021 based on the National Health Insurance Service data. We evaluated changes in incidence trends for each AIRD before and after NPI implementation (Feb 2020 to Feb 2021) using segmented regression analysis. Changes in health care utilization and medical costs for each AIRD before and after NPI implementation were also investigated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      After NPI implementation, monthly incidence rates declined significantly by 0.205 per 1\u2009000\u2009000 (95% confidence interval [CI], \u22120.308 to \u22120.101,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u2009.001) in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). No significant changes in the incidence of all AIRDs other than SLE were observed before and after implementation. Further, annual outpatient department visits per patient were lower during implementation for all diseases, except juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). The prescription days per outpatient visit increased significantly during implementation for all diseases, except JIA and ankylosing spondylitis. During implementation, the total annual medical costs per patient tended to decrease for all diseases, except JIA and mixed connective tissue disease.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Implementation of NPIs to contain the pandemic led to a reduction in the incidence of SLE and changed patterns of medical care utilization and treatment cost for most AIRDs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1756-185x.15144","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,9]],"date-time":"2024-04-09T00:50:14Z","timestamp":1712623814000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Incidence and disease burden of autoimmune inflammatory rheumatic diseases after non\u2010pharmaceutical interventions in the\n                    <scp>COVID<\/scp>\n                    \u201019 era: A nationwide observational study in Korea"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Je Hee","family":"Shin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Severance Children's Hospital Yonsei University College of Medicine  Seoul South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jung Yoon","family":"Pyo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine Yonsei University College of Medicine  Seoul South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minkyung","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biostatistics Collaboration Unit, Department of Biomedical Systems Informatics Yonsei University College of Medicine  Seoul South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Myeongjee","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biostatistics Collaboration Unit, Department of Biomedical Systems Informatics Yonsei University College of Medicine  Seoul South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sung Min","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Severance Children's Hospital Yonsei University College of Medicine  Seoul South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jee Yeon","family":"Baek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Severance Children's Hospital Yonsei University College of Medicine  Seoul South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ji Young","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Severance Children's Hospital Yonsei University College of Medicine  Seoul South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ji\u2010Man","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Severance Children's Hospital Yonsei University College of Medicine  Seoul South Korea"},{"name":"Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases Yonsei University College of Medicine  Seoul South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"InKyung","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Biostatistics, Department of Biomedical Systems Informatics Yonsei University College of Medicine  Seoul South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5748-0015","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jong Gyun","family":"Ahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Severance Children's Hospital Yonsei University College of Medicine  Seoul South Korea"},{"name":"Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases Yonsei University College of Medicine  Seoul South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2014.6"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1004965"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2665-9913(21)00151-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/rmdopen-2020-001378"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2020-219821"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2665-9913(20)30227-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2405-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3345\/cep.2021.01515"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2710.2002.00430.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-021-04794-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780370109"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","first-page":"175","article-title":"HIV 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