{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T00:42:25Z","timestamp":1787013745285,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,8]],"date-time":"2024-05-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1715126400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":7,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J of Rheum Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Observational studies have found an association between autoimmune liver disease (AILD) and Sj\u00f6gren's syndrome (SS). However, the causal relationship between the two remains unknown. Clinical guidelines indicate that the coexistence of AILD with other autoimmune diseases may impact prognosis and quality of life; hence, early recognition and management of extrahepatic autoimmune diseases is particularly crucial. Against this backdrop, this study aimed to utilize Mendelian randomization (MR) methods to investigate the potential causal relationship between AILD and SS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We extracted summary statistics on AILD and SS from publicly available genome\u2010wide association studies (GWAS) databases to identify appropriate instrumental variables (IVs). The inverse\u2010variance weighted (IVW) method was utilized as the primary approach, with the weighted median (WM) method and MR\u2010Egger method employed as supplementary methods to evaluate the potential causal relationship between the two conditions. Sensitivity analyses, including Cochran's\n                      <jats:italic>Q<\/jats:italic>\n                      test, MR\u2010polynomial residuals and outliers (MR\u2010PRESSO), MR\u2010Egger intercept test, and the leave\u2010one\u2010out test, were performed to assess the stability of the results.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The MR study results indicate a significant causal relationship between PBC and PSC with the risk of SS in the European population (IVW: odds ratio [OR]\u2009=\u20091.155, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.092\u20131.222,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u2009.001; IVW: OR\u2009=\u20091.162, 95% CI: 1.051\u20131.284,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.003). A series of sensitivity analyses have confirmed the reliability of the results.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our study indicates that the presence of both PBC and PSC increases the susceptibility to SS. However, no reliable causal relationship was found between SS and the risk of PBC or PSC. These findings contribute to elucidating the potential pathogenic mechanisms of the disease and are of significant importance for the management of patients with PBC and PSC.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1756-185x.15151","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,9]],"date-time":"2024-05-09T02:35:13Z","timestamp":1715222113000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Causal association between autoimmune liver disease and Sj\u00f6gren's syndrome: A Mendelian randomization study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-6506-4178","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yixuan","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang Chinese Medical University  Hangzhou Zhejiang China"},{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Center for General Practice Medicine Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College  Hangzhou Zhejiang China"},{"name":"Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Cultivation for Arthritis Diagnosis and Treatment  Hangzhou Zhejiang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang Chinese Medical University  Hangzhou Zhejiang China"},{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Center for General Practice Medicine Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College  Hangzhou Zhejiang China"},{"name":"Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Cultivation for Arthritis Diagnosis and Treatment  Hangzhou Zhejiang 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Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Cultivation for Arthritis Diagnosis and Treatment  Hangzhou Zhejiang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiaping","family":"Qi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Center for General Practice Medicine Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College  Hangzhou Zhejiang China"},{"name":"Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Cultivation for Arthritis Diagnosis and Treatment  Hangzhou Zhejiang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhaoyu","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Center for General Practice Medicine Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College  Hangzhou Zhejiang China"},{"name":"Zhejiang Provincial Key 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