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It is challenging to comprehensively evaluate the causal relationship between these variables. This study aimed to investigate the role of cytokines as intermediates between obesity and SLE.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The inverse\u2010variance weighted method (IVW) of mendelian randomization (MR) is mainly used to explore the causal relationship between exposure and outcome by using the genetic variation of the open large genome\u2010wide association studies (GWAS), namely single\u2010nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) related to obesity (more than 600\u2009000 participants), inflammatory cytokines (8293 healthy participants) and SLE (7219 cases). Methods such as weighted median, MR\u2010Egger are used to evaluate the reliability of causality. Reverse analysis is performed for each MR analysis to avoid reverse causality. Cochran's Q statistic and funnel chart are used to detect heterogeneity, MR\u2010Egger intercept test and leave\u2010one\u2010out sensitivity analyses evaluated pleiotropy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Obesity was associated with 25 cytokines, and 3 cytokines were associated with SLE, including CTACK (OR\u2009=\u20091.19, 95% CI: 1.06, 1.33,\n                      <jats:italic>p\u2009=<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009.002), IL\u201018 (OR\u2009=\u20091.13, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.26,\n                      <jats:italic>p\u2009=<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009.027), SCGFb (OR\u2009=\u20090.89, 95% CI: 0.79, 0.99,\n                      <jats:italic>p\u2009=<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009.044). In the opposite direction, SLE was associated with 18 cytokines, and 2 cytokines were associated with obesity, including IP\u201010 (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>IVW<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u2009=\u2009\u2212.03, 95% CI: \u22120.05, \u22120.01,\n                      <jats:italic>p\u2009=<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009.002), MIP\u20101B (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>IVW<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u2009=\u2009\u2212.03, 95% CI: \u22120.05, \u22120.01,\n                      <jats:italic>p\u2009=<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009.004).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our MR study suggested that CTACK, IL\u201018 and SCGFb may play an intermediary role in obesity to SLE, while IP\u201010 and MIP\u20101B may play an intermediary role in SLE to obesity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1756-185x.15214","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,4]],"date-time":"2024-06-04T00:49:58Z","timestamp":1717462198000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["The causal associations of inflammatory cytokines with obesity and systemic lupus erythematosus: A Mendelian randomization study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3860-8383","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"An\u2010Fang","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Affiliated Hospital Southwest Medical University  Luzhou Sichuan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ling","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department 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