{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,11]],"date-time":"2026-01-11T20:49:05Z","timestamp":1768164545970,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,9]],"date-time":"2024-07-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1720483200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":8,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82271836"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82271836"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["72304007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["72304007"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004826","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["7244474"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["7244474"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004826","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J of Rheum Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The impact of rheumatic diseases, long\u2010term medication, and vaccination on COVID\u201019 severity remain insufficiently understood, hindering effective patient management. This study aims to investigate factors influencing COVID\u201019 severity in Chinese rheumatic patients and to provide real\u2010world evidence for patient care.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a retrospective observational study consisting of two cohorts, followed by a nested case\u2013control analysis. The outpatient cohort included non\u2010severe COVID\u201019 patients, while the inpatient cohort included consecutive severe COVID\u201019 inpatients. Additionally, rheumatic patients from both cohorts were included for the nested case\u2013control study. Clinical information was obtained from electronic medical records and surveys.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 749 outpatients and 167 inpatients were enrolled. In the outpatient cohort, rheumatic diseases were identified as a risk factor for the severity of dyspnea (No rheumatic disease: OR\u2009=\u20090.577, 95% CI\u2009=\u20090.396\u20130.841,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.004), but not for mortality, length of hospitalization, or hospitalization costs in the inpatient cohort. Long\u2010term glucocorticoids use was identified as an independent risk factor for severity of dyspnea in rheumatic patients (OR\u2009=\u20091.814, 95% CI\u2009=\u20091.235\u20132.663,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.002), while vaccination and immunosuppressant treatment showed no association. Vaccination was identified as a protective factor against hospitalization due to COVID\u201019 in patients with rheumatic diseases (OR\u2009=\u20090.031, 95% CI\u2009=\u20090.007\u20130.136,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u2009.001), whereas long\u2010term glucocorticoids and immunosuppressant treatment showed no association.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Rheumatic diseases and long\u2010term glucocorticoids use are significant risk factors for COVID\u201019 severity in the Chinese population, whereas emphasizing the protective effects of vaccines against COVID\u201019 severity is crucial. Additionally, the investigation provides preliminary support for the concept that long\u2010term immunosuppressant therapy does not necessarily require additional prescription adjustments.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1756-185x.15251","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,10]],"date-time":"2024-07-10T00:38:10Z","timestamp":1720571890000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Do rheumatic diseases, long\u2010term glucocorticoids, and immunosuppressant treatment, and vaccination impact the COVID\u201019 severity? Insight from a retrospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2811-1058","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yi","family":"Ma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Peking University Third Hospital  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chang","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Center for Rare Disease Peking University Third Hospital  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zixi","family":"Yi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Immunology The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University  Fuzhou Fujian China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zaiwei","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Peking University Third Hospital  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yinchu","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Peking University Third Hospital  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Centre of Clinical Epidemiology Peking University Third Hospital  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rongsheng","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Peking University Third Hospital  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rong","family":"Mu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Center for Rare Disease Peking University Third Hospital  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2023.10.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/IJGM.S417692"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10123291"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.11330"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2020-217794"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-020-05334-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keaa897"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/ar2369"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/ar2368"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2021.11.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.m3379"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tid.14168"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2023.100843"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2023.152286"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa1488"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keg354"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.27697"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abn1755"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/rmv.2313"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2022.01.118"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-023-02241-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hcs2.36"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_1","first-page":"2038","article-title":"Increased 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