{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T04:12:03Z","timestamp":1789186323169,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,22]],"date-time":"2024-08-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1724284800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":21,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RS\u20102023\u201000248157"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS\u20102023\u201000248157"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J of Rheum Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Vaccine\u2010associated rheumatic diseases are rare but one of the most feared adverse drug reactions (ADRs). However, this topic has been investigated less with large\u2010scale data in the literature. With the rapid progress in the development and approval of vaccines during the pandemic, public concerns regarding their safety have been raised. To assess the global and regional burden, long\u2010term trends, and potential risk factors of vaccines\u2010associated six types of rheumatic diseases (ankylosing spondylitis [AS], polymyalgia rheumatica [PMR], rheumatoid arthritis [RA], Sj\u00f6gren's syndrome, Systemic lupus erythematosus [SLE], Systemic scleroderma), this study conducted disproportionality analysis based on the reports from the World Health Organization International Pharmacovigilance Database documented between 1967 and 2023 (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    for total reports\u2009=\u2009131\u2009255\u2009418) across 156 countries and territories. We estimated the reporting odds ratio (ROR) and information component (IC) to determine the disproportionality signal for rheumatic diseases. Of 198\u2009046 reports of all\u2010cause rheumatic diseases, 14\u2009703 reports of vaccine\u2010associated rheumatic diseases were identified. While the reporting counts have gradually increased over time globally, we observed a dramatic increase in reporting counts after 2020, potentially due to a large portion of reports of COVID\u201019 mRNA vaccine\u2010associated rheumatic diseases. The disproportionality signal for rheumatic diseases was most pronounced in HBV vaccines (ROR, 4.11; IC\n                    <jats:sub>025<\/jats:sub>\n                    , 1.90), followed by COVID\u201019 mRNA (ROR, 2.79; IC\n                    <jats:sub>025<\/jats:sub>\n                    , 1.25), anthrax (ROR, 2.52; IC\n                    <jats:sub>025<\/jats:sub>\n                    , 0.76), papillomavirus (ROR, 2.16; IC\n                    <jats:sub>025<\/jats:sub>\n                    , 0.95), encephalitis (ROR, 2.01; IC\n                    <jats:sub>025<\/jats:sub>\n                    , 0.58), typhoid (ROR, 1.91; IC\n                    <jats:sub>025<\/jats:sub>\n                    , 0.44), influenza (ROR, 1.49; IC\n                    <jats:sub>025<\/jats:sub>\n                    , 0.46), and HAV vaccines (ROR, 1.41; IC\n                    <jats:sub>025<\/jats:sub>\n                    , 0.20). From age\u2010 and sex\u2010specific perspective, young females and old males are likely to have vaccine\u2010associated rheumatic disease reports. Furthermore, overall vaccines showed a disproportionality signal for PMR (IC\n                    <jats:sub>025<\/jats:sub>\n                    , 3.13) and Sj\u00f6gren's syndrome (IC\n                    <jats:sub>025<\/jats:sub>\n                    , 0.70), systemic scleroderma (IC\n                    <jats:sub>025<\/jats:sub>\n                    , 0.64), specifically while the COVID\u201019 mRNA vaccines are associated with all six types of diseases. Although multiple vaccines are associated with rheumatic disease reports, healthcare providers should be aware of the potential of autoimmune manifestations following vaccination, particularly the COVID\u201019 mRNA and HBV vaccines, and take into account for risk factors associated with these ADRs. Most ADRs exhibited an average time to onset of 11\u2009days, underscoring the significance of monitoring and timely management by clinicians.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1756-185x.15294","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,22]],"date-time":"2024-08-22T15:23:44Z","timestamp":1724340224000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Global burden of vaccine\u2010associated rheumatic diseases and their related vaccines, 1967\u20132023: A comprehensive analysis of the international pharmacovigilance database"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Jiyeon","family":"Oh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Kyung Hee University College of Medicine  Seoul South Korea"},{"name":"Center for Digital Health, Medical Science Research Institute Kyung Hee University College of Medicine  Seoul South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyesu","family":"Jo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Digital Health, Medical Science Research Institute Kyung Hee University College of Medicine  Seoul South Korea"},{"name":"Department of Regulatory Science Kyung Hee University  Seoul South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaeyu","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Digital Health, Medical Science Research Institute Kyung Hee University College of Medicine  Seoul South Korea"},{"name":"Department of Regulatory Science Kyung Hee University  Seoul South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hayeon","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Digital Health, Medical Science Research Institute Kyung Hee University College of Medicine  Seoul South Korea"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering Kyung Hee University  Yongin South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyeon Jin","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Digital Health, Medical Science Research Institute Kyung Hee University College of Medicine  Seoul South Korea"},{"name":"Department of Regulatory Science Kyung Hee University  Seoul South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyeri","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Digital Health, Medical Science Research Institute Kyung Hee University College of Medicine  Seoul South Korea"},{"name":"Department of Regulatory Science Kyung Hee University  Seoul South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiseung","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Sleep Medicine Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine Massachusetts General Hospital  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiyoung","family":"Hwang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Digital Health, Medical Science Research Institute Kyung Hee University College of Medicine  Seoul South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Selin","family":"Woo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Digital Health, Medical Science Research Institute Kyung Hee University College of Medicine  Seoul South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yejun","family":"Son","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Digital Health, Medical Science Research Institute Kyung Hee University College of Medicine  Seoul South Korea"},{"name":"Department of Precision Medicine Kyung Hee University College of Medicine  Seoul South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soeun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Digital Health, Medical Science Research Institute Kyung Hee University College of Medicine  Seoul South Korea"},{"name":"Department of Precision Medicine Kyung Hee University College of Medicine  Seoul South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lee","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Health, Performance and Wellbeing Anglia Ruskin University  Cambridge UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masoud","family":"Rahmati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Service Research and Quality of Life Center (CEReSS), Assistance Publique\u2010H\u00f4pitaux de Marseille Aix\u2010Marseille Universit\u00e9  Marseille France"},{"name":"Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Literature and Human Sciences Lorestan University  Khoramabad Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Louis","family":"Jacob","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Development Unit Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de D\u00e9u, CIBERSAM, ISCIII  Barcelona Spain"},{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Lariboisi\u00e8re\u2010Fernand Widal Hospital, AP\u2010HP Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9  Paris France"},{"name":"Epidemiology of Ageing and Neurodegenerative Diseases (EpiAgeing), Inserm U1153 Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9  Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinseok","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering Kyung Hee University  Yongin South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun Hyuk","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health and Human Science University of Southern California  Los Angeles California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guillermo F.","family":"L\u00f3pez\u00a0S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Department of Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine University of Murcia  Murcia Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Dragioti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pain and Rehabilitation Centre, and Department of Medical and Health Sciences Link\u00f6ping University  Link\u00f6ping Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raphael","family":"Udeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science University of Technology Sydney  Ultimo 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Keon","family":"Yon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Kyung Hee University College of Medicine  Seoul South Korea"},{"name":"Center for Digital Health, Medical Science Research Institute Kyung Hee University College of Medicine  Seoul South Korea"},{"name":"Department of Regulatory Science Kyung Hee University  Seoul South Korea"},{"name":"Department of Precision Medicine Kyung Hee University College of Medicine  Seoul South Korea"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Kyung Hee University College of Medicine  Seoul South 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Journal of Rheumatic Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/1756-185X.15294","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,16]],"date-time":"2025-08-16T06:26:59Z","timestamp":1755325619000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/1756-185X.15294"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/1756-185X.15294"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1756-185x.15294","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1756-1841","1756-185X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1756-1841","type":"print"},{"value":"1756-185X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-04-20","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication 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