{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T14:13:53Z","timestamp":1789740833887,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,7]],"date-time":"2024-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1728259200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":6,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22K16359"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22K16359"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["24K11614"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24K11614"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010740","name":"Asahi Kasei Pharma Corporation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010740","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100020830","name":"AYUMI Pharmaceutical","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100020830","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002336","name":"Daiichi Sankyo Company","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002336","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J of Rheum Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Osteoporosis and osteopenia are significant concerns in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), predisposing patients to fragility fractures. While dual\u2010energy X\u2010ray absorptiometry (DXA) is the gold standard for bone mineral density (BMD) assessment, simpler screening tools are needed. This study aims to assess the correlation between the second metacarpal cortical index (2MCI) and BMD in RA patients, and to evaluate machine learning (ML) models utilizing 2MCI and clinical parameters for predicting osteoporosis\/osteopenia presence and BMD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Data from the KURAMA cohort (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009302) and an external validation cohort (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200932) were analyzed. BMD in the hip and forearm was obtained using DXA and 2MCI was calculated from plain hand X\u2010ray. ML models were trained to predict osteoporosis\/osteopenia presence and BMD using 2MCI and clinical variables and validated using external cohort.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>2MCI correlated significantly with hip and forearm BMD. ML models incorporating 2MCI and other clinical parameters showed good performance in predicting osteoporosis\/osteopenia presence and BMD. External validation demonstrated the generalizability of the models.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>ML models utilizing 2MCI and clinical parameters show promise for osteoporosis screening in RA patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1756-185x.15358","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,7]],"date-time":"2024-10-07T12:31:27Z","timestamp":1728304287000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Prediction models incorporating second metacarpal cortical index for osteoporosis in rheumatoid arthritis: Externally validated machine learning models developed using data from the KURAMA cohort"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-5328-2155","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ryohei","family":"Saito","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University  Kyoto Japan"},{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital  Kobe Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6556-1226","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takayuki","family":"Fujii","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University  Kyoto Japan"},{"name":"Department of Advanced Medicine for Rheumatic Diseases Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University  Kyoto Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7896-3937","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Koichi","family":"Murata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University  Kyoto Japan"},{"name":"Department of Advanced Medicine for Rheumatic Diseases Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University  Kyoto Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akira","family":"Onishi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Advanced Medicine for Rheumatic Diseases Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University  Kyoto Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kosaku","family":"Murakami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Cancer Immunotherapy and Immunobiology Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University  Kyoto Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masao","family":"Tanaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Advanced Medicine for Rheumatic Diseases Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University  Kyoto Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Koichiro","family":"Ohmura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital  Kobe Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0846-9300","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tadashi","family":"Yasuda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital  Kobe Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akio","family":"Morinobu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University  Kyoto Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuichi","family":"Matsuda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University  Kyoto Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2018.7498"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11657-012-0109-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2009.1462"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2021.02.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.061113"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-019-1956-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-021-05900-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1107142"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.070234"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3803\/EnM.2021.1215"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2018.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41413-020-00120-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/rmdopen-2017-000436"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2021.613889"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40200-023-01200-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-021-04403-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm7120507"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/mr\/roab109"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-018-4218-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-021-06205-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2017.01.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11005\/jbm.2020.27.4.261"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-023-07127-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-023-03251-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1756-185X.13428"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1756-185X.15168"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.12369"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/make3020018"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2004-0124"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-022-05325-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-023-06265-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19951115)76:10 <2092::AID-CNCR2820761331>3.0.CO;2-T"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2020.601618"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-016-3646-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.berh.2022.101773"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/rmdopen-2015-000202"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keab107"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4172\/2161-1165.1000227"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2020-318726"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_41_1","first-page":"1168","volume-title":"An overview of overfitting and its solutions","author":"Ying X","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2007.070839"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-020-04593-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-024-06932-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2009.123919"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-016-1348-5"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_11_47_1","first-page":"2323","article-title":"Deep learning for bone mineral density and T\u2010score prediction from chest X\u2010rays: a multicenter study","volume":"10","author":"Sato Y","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomedicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-56114-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-018-0316-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40537-021-00444-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bib\/bbx044"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00310253"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1756-185X.15146"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Rheumatic Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/1756-185X.15358","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,25]],"date-time":"2024-10-25T12:50:53Z","timestamp":1729860653000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/1756-185X.15358"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/1756-185X.15358"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1756-185x.15358","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1756-1841","1756-185X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1756-1841","type":"print"},{"value":"1756-185X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-05-29","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-09-15","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-10-07","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e15358"}}