{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]],"date-time":"2026-02-04T20:15:54Z","timestamp":1770236154178,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,12]],"date-time":"2024-11-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1731369600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":11,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J of Rheum Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>To test the efficaciousness of the 10 warning signs of Jeffrey Modell Foundation (JMF) and routine laboratory tests in predicting Primary Immunodeficiencies (PIDs).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Hospitalized children &lt;12\u2009years age satisfying at least two of 10 warning signs were subjected to routine and confirmatory tests.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of 35\u2009204 admitted patients, 66 satisfied the JMF criteria and 34 had PID. Also, 59% were infants, with a female preponderance. The most common immunodeficiency disorder group were antibody deficiencies and phagocyte defects (35.3%). Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) was the commonest overall (29.4%). The need for intravenous antibiotics was the most sensitive (91%) criterion for predicting PID. When combined with positive family history of PID, sensitivity (94%) increased further. The two most specific indicators were recurrent ear infections (88%), and family history of PID (88%). The best positive predictor was family history of PID (69%), and the best negative predictor was recurrent sinus infections (58%). Significant association was found between persistent oral thrush and PID (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> .043), and insufficient weight gain and antibody deficiencies (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> .037). Absolute neutrophil count, CRP, and elevated ESR were also significantly associated with PIDs (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2010values being .036, .011, and .014 respectively).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Out of all 10 JMF criteria, the three most important ones to predict PID were need for IV antibiotics, family history of PID, and recurrent ear infections.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1756-185x.15405","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,12]],"date-time":"2024-11-12T13:20:00Z","timestamp":1731417600000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Competency of Jeffrey Modell Foundation warning signs and routine laboratory tests in suspecting primary immunodeficiencies: A cross\u2010sectional multi\u2010centric prospective study from eastern India"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Asmita","family":"Ghosh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics IPGME&amp;R and SSKM Hospital  Kolkata India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7961-2672","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Moumita","family":"Samanta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Medical College and Hospital  Kolkata India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Parasar","family":"Ghosh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology IPGME&amp;R and SSKM hospital  Kolkata India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5116-7298","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mitali","family":"Chatterjee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology IPGME&amp;R and SSKM hospital  Kolkata India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2241-3514","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rakesh","family":"Mondal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Medical College and Hospital  Kolkata India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0009-9074","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tapas Kumar","family":"Sabui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Shantiniketan Medical College  Bolpur Birbhum 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