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Our results were mainly derived from the inverse variance weighted (IVW) model, with the remaining three models also being calculated. The MR Steiger test was used to examine the correctness of our causal direction. Sensitivity analysis was performed using Mendelian randomized pleiotropy residual sum and outlier (MR\u2010PRESSO), MR\u2010Egger regression.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The IVW results showed that there was a positive causal association between HPV16 E7 protein and SLE (odds ratio (OR)\u2009=\u20091.075, 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.003\u20131.151, FDR\u2010\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.04), however, there was a negative causal association between HPV18 E7 protein and SLE (OR\u2009=\u20090.884, 95% CI, 0.804\u20130.972, FDR\u2010\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.02). No causal associations of HPV16 E7 protein and HPV18 E7 protein with RA, IBD was observed including its subtypes Ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD). Sensitivity analysis showed that there was no significant heterogeneity (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&gt;\u20090.05) or genetic pleiotropy (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&gt;\u20090.05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our two\u2010sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization study identifies a causal association between HPV infection and SLE, but no causal association between HPV infection and RA and IBD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1756-185x.15430","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,2]],"date-time":"2024-12-02T02:03:48Z","timestamp":1733105028000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Human Papillomavirus Infection and Autoimmune Diseases: A Two\u2010Sample Bidirectional Mendelian Randomization Study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Tian","family":"He","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health Anhui Medical University  Hefei Anhui China"},{"name":"Institute of Kidney Disease, Inflammation and Immunity Mediated Diseases The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University  Hefei Anhui China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xi","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health Anhui Medical University  Hefei Anhui China"},{"name":"Institute of Kidney Disease, Inflammation and Immunity Mediated Diseases The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University  Hefei Anhui 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