{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T12:05:59Z","timestamp":1773749159364,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,22]],"date-time":"2025-01-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1737504000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":21,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J of Rheum Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Limited studies reported the correlation between Sj\u00f6gren's syndrome (SS) and vitiligo. This study explores the association between SS and the risk of developing vitiligo and assesses comorbidity profiles and medication impacts.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a retrospective, population\u2010based analysis using data from Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database, spanning 2008 to 2019. The primary outcome was the incidence of vitiligo, which was analyzed using Cox proportional hazards models, with additional subgroup and sensitivity analyses conducted.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The study incorporated 223\u2009582 individuals with SS and 9\u2009775\u2009363 controls. A total of 208\u2009942 pairs of the SS and controls were analyzed following propensity score matching. Non\u2010matched and matched cohort analyses have consistent results. In matched analysis, individuals with SS had a 1.90\u2010fold increased risk of developing vitiligo compared to those without SS after adjustment (95% confidence interval [Cl], 1.67\u20132.15;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Age\u2010related risk was evident, particularly in those aged 40\u201359\u2009years and 60\u201379\u2009years. Males had a lower risk of vitiligo than females. Comorbidities such as hyperlipidemia, chronic liver disease, hyperthyroidism, and spondylarthritis further increase the risk. During the first year following diagnosis, individuals with SS exhibited a significantly elevated risk of developing vitiligo compared to those without SS (aHR, 2.15; 95% Cl, 1.54\u20133.00;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Over a decade of follow\u2010up, the SS cohort showed a markedly higher cumulative risk of vitiligo than the non\u2010SS cohort (log\u2010rank\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Subgroup analysis revealed that systemic corticosteroid administration significantly mitigated the risk of developing vitiligo in SS patients (aHR, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.53\u20130.86;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001) compared to patients who did not receive systemic corticosteroids.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>SS is significantly associated with an increased risk of developing vitiligo. Further research is warranted to elucidate the underlying mechanisms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1756-185x.70088","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,23]],"date-time":"2025-01-23T01:35:44Z","timestamp":1737596144000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Sj\u00f6gren's Syndrome Is Associated With an Increased Risk of Vitiligo"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3776-5042","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jing\u2010Xing","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine China Medical University Hospital  Taichung Taiwan"},{"name":"School of Medicine China Medical University  Taichung Taiwan"},{"name":"Graduate Institute of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology National Taiwan University  Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8109-6996","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Po\u2010Chang","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine China Medical University  Taichung Taiwan"},{"name":"Rheumatology and Immunology Center China Medical University Hospital  Taichung Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yu\u2010Han","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Management Office for Health Data China Medical University Hospital  Taichung Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-9698-5695","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shu\u2010Bai","family":"Hsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing China Medical University  Taichung Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Nursing China Medical University Hospital  Taichung Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0264-2536","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Po\u2010Yuan","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine China Medical University  Taichung Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Dermatology China Medical University Hospital  Taichung Taiwan"},{"name":"Institute of Public Health China Medical University  Taichung Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2016.47"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/OARRR.S167783"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/39.6.603"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.090815"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.abd.2018.07.002"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","article-title":"Vitiligo as the Presenting Manifestation of Sjogren's Syndrome: Case Report and Review of Vitiligo and Its Associated Autoimmune Conditions","volume":"12","author":"Gutierrez N.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.12.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000506103"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2011.05377.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-4362.2000.00880.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2016.10.048"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.08.063"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.03.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.22227"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-015-3072-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13671-014-0098-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0248-8663(98)80107-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17352\/2455-8605.000005"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","article-title":"Probable Multiple Autoimmune Syndrome in a Patient With Vitiligo, Autoimmune Thyroiditis, and Diabetes Mellitus: A Case Report","volume":"6","author":"Lyubomir Dourmishev J. 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