{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,10]],"date-time":"2025-12-10T13:20:04Z","timestamp":1765372804066,"version":"3.46.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,11]],"date-time":"2025-04-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744329600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":10,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J of Rheum Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Aim<\/jats:title>\n \n We aimed to assess the populations of lymphocytes:\n NK<\/jats:styled-content>\n cells,\n NKT<\/jats:styled-content>\n cells and T cells, and the expression of the immunoregulatory receptor\n CD244<\/jats:styled-content>\n (\n 2B4<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) by each population in rheumatoid arthritis (\n RA<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) patients with concomitant hepatitis C virus (\n HCV<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) infection.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n Lymphocyte phenotyping for NK cells (CD3\u2010CD56+), NKT cells (CD3\u2009+\u2009CD56+), and T cells (CD3\u2009+\u2009CD56\u2010) was analyzed by flow cytometry in patients with HCV positive RA (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u200921), HCV negative RA (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u200920) and controls (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u200911). Surface expression of CD244 by each lymphocyte population was quantified as mean fluorescence intensity and frequency of CD244 expressing cells.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Patients with and without concomitant HCV displayed comparable numbers of NK, NKT, and T cells to controls. We observed that the expression intensity of CD244 was downregulated by the lymphocyte populations in HCV positive and HCV negative RA compared to controls (NK CD244\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.001, NKT CD244\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.047, T CD244\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.001). Yet, the downregulation was more profound in HCV positive RA, as CD244 expression by NK cells and T cells was decreased in HCV positive in relation to negative RA (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.001 and\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.003, respectively). In addition, the frequency of CD244\u2010expressing NK and NKT cells in HCV positive RA was lower compared to HCV negative RA and controls (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.001 and\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.001, respectively). T cell CD244 expression was significant for discriminating clinically active from less active RA with and without HCV (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u200941), area under the curve\u2009=\u20090.717 (95% CI 0.560\u20130.873,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.007).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n Our findings reveal a distinct expression pattern of CD244 by lymphocytes of RA with HCV infection.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1756-185x.70218","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,11]],"date-time":"2025-04-11T06:51:31Z","timestamp":1744354291000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["CD244<\/scp>\n Expression by Lymphocytes in Rheumatoid Arthritis With Concomitant Hepatitis C Infection"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1406-8586","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fatma Hassan","family":"Abdelraouf","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical and Chemical Pathology Department Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Iman Sami","family":"AbouBakr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical and Chemical Pathology Department Atomic Energy Authority Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abla Ezz","family":"El\u2010Arab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radio\u2010Biochemistry Department Atomic Energy Authority Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hala Ahmed","family":"Raafat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology and Rehabilitation Department Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mariam Onsy F.","family":"Hanna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical and Chemical Pathology Department Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shereen Mahmoud","family":"Shawky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical and Chemical Pathology Department Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468\u20101253(21)00472\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14397595.2018.1558918"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s43166\u2010020\u201000001\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0166508"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14740\/jocmr2896w"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000363385"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.648182"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cei\/uxad089"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers12071755"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2016.01.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10165\u2010009\u20100160\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200939399"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2012.00377"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.27584"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.21235"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.281053"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0027182"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.205"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0188945"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2016.05.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.12827"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1399856"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3795"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10624"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.02809"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1174138"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.180.12.8159"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1002045"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiab048"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2015.00270"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.01470"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.25726"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/jgv.0.000689"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000003678"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MEG.0000000000002015"}],"container-title":["International 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