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Gram\u2010positive <jats:italic>firmicutes<\/jats:italic> and Gram\u2010negative <jats:italic>bacteroidetes<\/jats:italic> are the two leading bacterial phyla that make up 90% of the gut microbiome. Many symbionts in the gut environment establish intricate relationships with host defense to stop both local and non\u2010native dangerous bacteria from colonizing and invading. Dysbiosis alters the paracellular route and damages the epithelium, enabling them to penetrate the epithelium and come into contact with the immune cells. Impaired intestinal barrier function, immune regulation mediated by metabolites derived from the gut microbiota, posttranslational modification of host proteins such as increased citrullination, regulation of the gut microbiota's effect on immune cells, intestinal epithelial cell autophagy, interaction between the microbiome and human leukocyte antigen alleles, and interaction with microRNAs are some of the mechanisms involved in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The gut microbiota, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>Prevotella copri<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content>, and <jats:italic>Collinsella<\/jats:italic> spp. were shown to be higher in the early\/preclinical phases of RA, while <jats:italic>Bacteroidetes, Bifidobacteria, and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">Eubacterium rectale<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic> were found to be lower. Probiotic\u2010based early dietary intervention may reduce inflammation and slow the rate of joint deterioration, and such intervention can also aid in the restoration of gut microbiota equilibrium. This review article describes the gut microbial dysbiosis and role of probiotics in RA.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1756-185x.70266","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,7]],"date-time":"2025-05-07T06:42:03Z","timestamp":1746600123000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Impact of Gut Microbiota and Probiotics on Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Potential Treatment Challenge"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9915-846X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thekkuttuparambil Ananthanarayanan","family":"Ajith","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, and Amala Integrated Medical Research Department Amala Institute of Medical Sciences  Thrissur Kerala India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bejoy","family":"Anita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General 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