{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T02:42:44Z","timestamp":1789180964397,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,31]],"date-time":"2025-07-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753920000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J of Rheum Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Vitamin D, recognized for its immunomodulatory properties, is potentially associated with autoimmune diseases like systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). This systematic review and meta\u2010analysis assessed the relationship between Vitamin D levels and SLE, highlighting its role in modulating disease activity and immunological markers like anti\u2010dsDNA, C3, and C4.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Case\u2013control studies reporting Vitamin D, disease activity indices, C3, C4, and anti\u2010dsDNA antibody levels in SLE patients and healthy controls were evaluated. Systematic searches in PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, and Embase were last updated on April 6, 2024. Inclusion criteria targeted studies on SLE patients and healthy controls reporting these specific markers. Study quality was assessed with the Newcastle\u2010Ottawa Scale (NOS), and publication bias was checked using Egger's test and Begg's funnel plot. The meta\u2010analyses were conducted with CMAv4.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Analysis of 43 studies with 2940 SLE patients and 2458 healthy controls showed significantly lower Vitamin D levels in SLE patients (mean difference: \u221210.070\u2009ng\/mL; 95% CI: \u221212.85 to \u22127.28; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Vitamin D levels negatively correlated with SLEDAI scores (correlation: \u22120.427; 95% CI: \u22120.541 to \u22120.298; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and anti\u2010dsDNA antibodies (correlation: \u22120.397; 95% CI: \u22120.611 to \u22120.130; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.004), and positively correlated with complement components C3 (correlation: 0.268; 95% CI: 0.077\u20130.440; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.006) and C4 (correlation: 0.299; 95% CI: 0.192\u20130.400; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Sensitivity analyses confirmed these findings.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The findings revealed a strong association between low Vitamin D levels and increased SLE severity. However, limitations like some inconsistency, small\u2010study biases, and possible language restrictions in study inclusion necessitate cautious interpretation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1756-185x.70379","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T05:14:51Z","timestamp":1754025291000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Vitamin D Is Associated With Susceptibility and Disease Severity in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Systematic Review and Meta\u2010Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Shovit","family":"Ranjan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University Department of Zoology Kolhan University  Chaibasa Jharkhand India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bidyut K.","family":"Das","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology SCB Medical College  Cuttack Odisha India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rina","family":"Tripathy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Biochemistry SVP, PGI of Paediatrics  Cuttack India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarit S.","family":"Pattanaik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology SCB Medical College  Cuttack Odisha India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manoj","family":"Parida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology SCB Medical College  Cuttack Odisha India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8644-5320","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saumya Ranjan","family":"Tripathy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology SCB Medical College  Cuttack Odisha India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1192-1978","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aditya K.","family":"Panda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology Berhampur University  Berhampur Odisha India"},{"name":"Centre of Excellence on \u201cBioprospecting of Ethnopharmaceuticals of Southern Odish\u201d (CoE\u2010BESO), Berhampur University  Berhampur Odisha India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2024.2315"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-med-043021-032611"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.05.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.13448"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","first-page":"1028","article-title":"The Importance of Vitamin D in the Pathology of Bone Metabolism in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases","volume":"11","author":"Krela\u2010Ka\u017amierczak I.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Archives of Medical Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00109-010-0590-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beem.2011.04.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2007.069831"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.179.3.1634"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2017.07.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keh050"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1756-185X.13245"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002960050072"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.59.4.308"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2005.05.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-008-0676-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0029665109990693"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","first-page":"1291","article-title":"Vitamin D Deficiency in Saudi Patients With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus","volume":"30","author":"Damanhouri L. 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