{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,30]],"date-time":"2025-09-30T03:40:07Z","timestamp":1759203607512,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,4]],"date-time":"2025-09-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756944000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J of Rheum Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Vitamin D plays a crucial role in modulating the immune system. Numerous studies have elucidated the association between low serum levels of vitamin D and autoimmune diseases. Vitamin D deficiency has been implicated in systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), Hashimoto's thyroiditis, juvenile dermatomyositis, inflammatory bowel disease, among others.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study aims to assess the vitamin D levels in a cohort of pediatric patients diagnosed with autoimmune diseases.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methodology<\/jats:title><jats:p>This descriptive study, complemented with an analytical cross\u2010sectional component, enrolled individuals under the age of 18 diagnosed with autoimmune disorders who underwent vitamin D assessment. The study spanned from January 2016 to December 2020 and was conducted across three specialized clinics.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Among the 81 pediatric patients with autoimmune pathologies enrolled during the study period, 60 (74.04%) were female. The mean age of the participants at the time of the study was 9\u2009years, ranging from 2 to 17\u2009years old. Of the total cohort, 78 individuals (96.3%) were Latin\u2010American. The most prevalent diagnosis was Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA) in 53 patients (65.43%), followed by autoimmune thyroiditis in 9 patients (11.11%), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in 8 patients (9.88%), and other conditions in 11 patients (11.11%), including dermatomyositis and celiac disease. Regarding vitamin D levels, the mean concentration was 24.69 ng\/mL. Specifically, 19 patients (23.46%) had sufficient levels (\u2265\u200930 ng\/mL), 41 patients (50.62%) had insufficiency, 20 patients (24.69%) had deficiency, and 1 patient (1.23%) had severe deficiency. No statistically significant differences were observed between vitamin D levels and sex (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> =\u20090.82), age (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> =\u20090.88), disease remission (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> =\u20090.97), antinuclear antibody (ANA) value (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> =\u20090.78), or season of the year.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our findings suggest that the currently referenced levels of vitamin D do not exhibit a significant correlation with disease activity in pediatric patients with autoimmune diseases.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1756-185x.70408","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,5]],"date-time":"2025-09-05T06:29:06Z","timestamp":1757053746000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Vitamin D Status in Paraguayan Children With Autoimmune 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