{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]],"date-time":"2026-06-22T10:49:55Z","timestamp":1782125395548,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]],"date-time":"2025-11-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763683200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":20,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81503084"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81503084"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J of Rheum Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To explore the effect and mechanism of GCK on synovial angiogenesis in AA rats.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      After establishing the rat model of adjuvant arthritis, it was divided into the AA group, the GCK group (80\u2009mg\u00b7kg\n                      <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u00b7d\n                      <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                      ), and the methotrexate (MTX, 0.5\u2009mg\u00b7kg\n                      <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u00b73d\n                      <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                      ) group. Meanwhile, the normal group was set as the control. The body weight, overall score, degree of paw swelling, number of paw swellings, and arthritis index of the rats were recorded. Body weight, arthritis score, and paw swelling were measured. Knee joint blood flow was assessed via ultrasound; synovial, splenic, and arterial pathology via HE staining; CD31 expression via immunohistochemistry; and serum levels of IL\u20101\u03b2, IL\u20106, and VEGF via ELISA. In\u00a0vitro experiments used TNF\u2010\u03b1 to stimulate EA.hy926 cells to simulate the inflammatory environment. Scratch healing experiments, Transwell, and matrix gelation tube experiments were used to evaluate the effect of GCK on angiogenesis. The content of VEGF in the cell supernatant was detected by ELISA. The expressions of \u03b2\u2010catenin, GSK\u20103\u03b2, p\u2010GSK\u20103 \u03b2, cyclin D1, and VEGF proteins were detected by WB. The nuclear translocation of \u03b2\u2010catenin was detected by cell immunofluorescence.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Result<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>GCK significantly alleviated synovial inflammation and joint injury in AA rats, inhibited TNF\u2010\u03b1\u2010induced endothelial cell activation and inflammatory response, and suppressed Wnt\/\u03b2\u2010catenin signaling activation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>GCK can effectively alleviate synovial inflammation and joint injury in AA rats. This effect may be related to the inhibition of Wnt\/\u03b2\u2010catenin signaling and the reduction of synovial angiogenesis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1756-185x.70460","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,22]],"date-time":"2025-11-22T07:45:51Z","timestamp":1763797551000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Ginsenoside Compound K Inhibits Wnt\/\u03b2\u2010Catenin Signaling and Anti\u2010Angiogenesis, Alleviating Joint Injury in Rats With Adjuvant Arthritis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-4616-7256","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiujin","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti\u2010Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University  Hefei 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