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The histopathological changes regarding synovial and ankle tissues were evaluated using hematoxylin\u2013eosin staining and safranin\u2010O staining. Serum levels of TNF\u2010\u03b1, IL\u20101\u03b2, and IL\u20106 were measured using ELISA kits. UPLC\/MS\u2013MS was used to analyze serum components, and 16S rDNA sequencing was conducted for analyzing the intestinal contents of the treated CIA rats.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Arthritis symptoms were alleviated in QGKS\u2010treated CIA rats, evidenced by decreased paw swelling and lower arthritis scores compared to control groups. QGKS treatment resulted in a marked decrease in proinflammatory cytokines (TNF\u2010\u03b1, IL\u20101\u03b2, and IL\u20106). Histological analyses revealed reduced synovial inflammation and preserved cartilage integrity following QGKS intervention. Metabolomic profiling identified significant alterations in metabolic pathways related to glycerophospholipid metabolism and fatty acid degradation after addition of QGKS in CIA rats. Moreover, QGKS treatment improved gut microbiota composition, along with increased beneficial bacteria\n                      <jats:italic>Lactobacillus<\/jats:italic>\n                      and decreased pathogenic strains.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>QGKS alleviated CIA symptoms by reducing inflammation, correcting metabolic disturbances, and modulating gut microbiota, suggesting its potential as a novel therapeutic option for RA.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1756-185x.70571","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T05:25:03Z","timestamp":1770701103000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Exploring the Alleviating Effects and Mechanism of Qianggu Kangshu on Rheumatoid Arthritis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Xia","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University  Nanning China"},{"name":"Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Occurrence and Intervention of Rheumatic Disease Minda Hospital of Hubei Minzu University  Enshi China"},{"name":"Hubei Provincial Clinical Medical Research Center for Nephropathy Minda Hospital of Hubei Minzu University  Enshi China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiangyang","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hubei Minzu University  Enshi China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Xia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Occurrence and Intervention of Rheumatic Disease Minda Hospital of Hubei Minzu University  Enshi China"},{"name":"Hubei Provincial Clinical Medical Research Center for Nephropathy Minda Hospital of Hubei Minzu University  Enshi China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nianan","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Occurrence and Intervention of Rheumatic Disease Minda Hospital of Hubei Minzu University  Enshi China"},{"name":"Hubei Provincial Clinical Medical Research Center for Nephropathy Minda Hospital of Hubei Minzu University  Enshi China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Occurrence and Intervention of Rheumatic Disease Minda Hospital of Hubei Minzu University  Enshi China"},{"name":"Hubei Provincial Clinical Medical Research Center for Nephropathy Minda Hospital of Hubei Minzu University  Enshi 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