{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T14:11:43Z","timestamp":1774447903740,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]],"date-time":"2026-03-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772582400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J of Rheum Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The relationship of gout with the risk of dementia has been a subject of importance in current studies. There is no comprehensive meta\u2010analysis regarding their association. Hence, our team performed a systematic review and meta\u2010analysis to examine the relationship of gout with the risk of dementia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We searched PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, and Web of Science beginning at database commencement till 1 December 2022. For systematic review and meta\u2010analysis, 2 independent reviewers comprised observational researches that assessed the relationship of gout with risk of dementia. This research pursued the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta\u2010Analyses summarizing guidelines to extract and synthesize data. Our team applied the random\u2010effects model to determine pooled risk ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our study covered 5 observational studies. The pooled RR for the risk of overall dementia was 0.80 (95% CI: 0.58\u20131.10) with no evidence of publication bias. Moreover, the pooled RR demonstrated lesser risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD) at 0.70 (95% CI: 0.62\u20130.78) and vascular dementia at 0.68 (95% CI: 0.48\u20130.95) among patients with gout. An inverse association was observed in Asian people, but there was no relationship of gout with dementia among Western people.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this meta\u2010analysis of observational studies, gout was not significantly associated with overall dementia risk, although inverse associations were observed for AD and vascular dementia. These findings suggest potential heterogeneity by dementia subtype and population but should be interpreted cautiously given the observational design. Well\u2010designed prospective studies and randomized trials are needed to clarify causality and underlying mechanisms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Protocol Registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta\u2010analysis Protocols INPLASY2025110018;\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.37766\/inplasy2025.11.0018\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.37766\/inplasy2025.11.0018<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1756-185x.70582","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T14:05:17Z","timestamp":1772978717000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Association Between Gout and the Risk of Dementia: A Meta\u2010Analysis of Observational Studies and Biological Mechanisms"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0094-8016","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yao\u2010Chin","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine Taipei Medical University Hospital  Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Graduate Institute of Injury Prevention and Control, College of Public Health Taipei Medical University  Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"International Center for Health Information Technology, College of Medical Science and Technology Taipei Medical University  Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5689-6761","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abel Po\u2010Hao","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital National Taiwan University  Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2551-6199","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chih\u2010Wei","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Center for Health Information Technology, College of Medical Science and Technology Taipei Medical University  Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Graduate Institute of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medical Science and Technology Taipei Medical University  Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Clinical Big Data Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital Taipei Medical University  Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6026-2748","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Md. 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