{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T04:21:53Z","timestamp":1790914913442,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773273600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":11,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004699","name":"Chung Shan Medical University Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CSH\u20102020\u2010C\u2010030"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CSH\u20102020\u2010C\u2010030"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004699","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J of Rheum Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Artificial intelligence and machine learning have been increasingly employed in medical image diagnosis, but face the challenge of database acquisition. Hence, this study applies the You Only Look Once (YOLO) technique, a real\u2010time object detection system, to construct the inference model, including the image preprocessing and labeling, model training, and the prediction of unknown data to detect objects.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We implement the YOLOv4 technique to classify osteoporosis and detect compression fractures. Trabecular characteristics of osteoporosis are extracted from caput femoris in X\u2010ray images, and compression fractures are observed in lateral spine images. All the datasets are derived from the clinical practice of the collaborated teaching hospital.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We construct the YOLOv4 model to classify osteoporosis and detect compression fractures with prediction accuracy of 78.1% and 68.3%, respectively. X\u2010ray could be a screening tool to predict osteoporosis and select patients for DXA, especially in settings where the DXA facility is unavailable.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We find it promising to apply the developed approach to medical diagnosis with an accuracy of near 80%, and this deep learning model could preliminarily help to screen possible positives from abundant radiographs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1756-185x.70592","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T05:15:32Z","timestamp":1773378932000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Classification of Osteoporosis and Detection of Compression Fractures by Implementing Real\u2010Time Object Detection System Upon Medical Radiographs"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"An\u2010Chih","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Chung Shan Medical University Hospital  Taichung City Taiwan"},{"name":"Institute of Medicine Chung Shan Medical University  Taichung Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jui\u2010Hung","family":"Weng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine Chung Shan Medical University Hospital  Taichung City Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4004-7826","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chih\u2010Wei","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University  Hsinchu Taiwan"},{"name":"Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering Tohoku University  Sendai Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ching\u2010Chung","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science Tung Hai University  Taichung City Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1235-0679","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James Cheng\u2010Chung","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medicine Chung Shan Medical University  Taichung Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Allergy, Immunology &amp; Rheumatology Chung Shan Medical University Hospital  Taichung City Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Nursing Chung Shan Medical University  Taichung Taiwan"},{"name":"Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine China Medical University  Taichung Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/48989"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","volume-title":"Shaping Roadmap towards Data\u2010driven Digital Health: Perspectives from COVID\u201019 and Rheumatic Disease","author":"Chen C.\u2010W.","year":"2024"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1756-185X.14688"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmpb.2024.108228"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmpb.2024.108525"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.4292"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1756-185X.14528"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1756-185X.14399"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hlpt.2023.100755"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compmedimag.2019.06.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2024.3386826"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2020.115561"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-007-0479-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","first-page":"369","volume-title":"Classification of Knee Osteoarthritis Severity Using Modified Masks to Preprocess X\u2010ray Images in a Deep Learning Model, in Proceedings of CECNet 2021","author":"Yang C.\u2010C.","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2016.91"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2013.09.002"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","first-page":"59","article-title":"Combination Hip X\u2010Ray Image Features Extraction and Machine Learning Predictive Osteopenia and Osteoporosis","volume":"40","author":"Hung S.\u2010K.","year":"2016","journal-title":"CJ Radiologic Tech"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijleo.2014.08.066"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijleo.2015.08.210"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1756-185X.14641"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.13354"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1756-185X.14450"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s24186053"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Rheumatic Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/1756-185x.70592","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/1756-185x.70592","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/1756-185x.70592","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T12:34:27Z","timestamp":1774442067000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/1756-185x.70592"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/1756-185x.70592"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1756-185x.70592","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1756-1841","1756-185X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1756-1841","type":"print"},{"value":"1756-185X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-05-19","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-02-23","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-03-12","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70592"}}