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The precursor form of the\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CTX<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    \u03a6 phage, pre\u2010\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CTX<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    \u03a6, does not carry the cholera toxin gene. During our investigation, we frequently found pre\u2010\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CTX<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    \u03a6 prophages in non\u2010toxigenic isolates in the serogroups of\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">O1<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    and\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">O1<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    39 strains in the\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">Z<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    hujiang estuary. We observed high amounts of sequence variation of\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>rstR<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>gIII<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sup>CTX<\/jats:sup>\n                    in the pre\u2010\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CTX<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    \u03a6 alleles as well as in the\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>tcpA<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    sequences within the strains. In addition, a new pre\u2010\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CTX<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    \u03a6 allele, with a novel\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>rstR<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    sequence type and hybrid\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    2, was identified. Our findings show that active, complicated gene recombination and horizontal transfer of pre\u2010\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CTX<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    \u03a6s occurs within\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>V<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    <jats:italic>.\u2009cholerae<\/jats:italic>\n                    environmental strains, which creates a complex intermediate pool for the generation of toxigenic clones in the estuarine environment.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1758-2229.12121","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,1]],"date-time":"2013-11-01T07:53:51Z","timestamp":1383292431000},"page":"251-258","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["High prevalence and diversity of pre\u2010\n                    <scp>CTX<\/scp>\n                    \u03a6 alleles in the environmental\n                    <scp>\n                      <i>V<\/i>\n                    <\/scp>\n                    <i>ibrio cholerae<\/i>\n                    \u2005\n                    <scp>O1<\/scp>\n                    and\n                    <scp>O1<\/scp>\n                    39 strains in the\n                    <scp>Z<\/scp>\n                    hujiang\n                    <scp>R<\/scp>\n                    iver estuary"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Duochun","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control  Beijing China"},{"name":"Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaomei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Baisheng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Guangdong Province  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaoling","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Guangdong Province  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hailing","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Guangdong Province  Guangzhou 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