{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T10:28:09Z","timestamp":1790764089858,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,28]],"date-time":"2020-02-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1582848000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001665","name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ANR\u201015\u2010CE02\u20100011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR\u201015\u2010CE02\u20100011"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001665","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["enviromicro-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Environ Microbiol Rep"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Methylmercury is a neurotoxin that bioaccumulates from seawater to high concentrations in marine fish, putting human and ecosystem health at risk. High methylmercury levels have been found in the oxic subsurface waters of all oceans, but only anaerobic microorganisms have been shown to efficiently produce methylmercury in anoxic environments. The microaerophilic nitrite\u2010oxidizing bacteria\n                    <jats:italic>Nitrospina<\/jats:italic>\n                    have previously been suggested as possible mercury methylating bacteria in Antarctic sea ice. However, the microorganisms responsible for processing inorganic mercury into methylmercury in oxic seawater remain unknown. Here, we show metagenomic and metatranscriptomic evidence that the genetic potential for microbial methylmercury production is widespread in oxic seawater. We find high abundance and expression of the key mercury methylating genes\n                    <jats:italic>hgcAB<\/jats:italic>\n                    across all ocean basins, corresponding to the taxonomic relatives of known mercury methylating bacteria from\n                    <jats:italic>Deltaproteobacteria<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Firmicutes<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Chloroflexi<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Our results identify\n                    <jats:italic>Nitrospina<\/jats:italic>\n                    as the predominant and widespread microorganism carrying and actively expressing\n                    <jats:italic>hgcAB<\/jats:italic>\n                    . The highest\n                    <jats:italic>hgcAB<\/jats:italic>\n                    abundance and expression occurs in the oxic subsurface waters of the global ocean where the highest MeHg concentrations are typically observed.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1758-2229.12829","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,23]],"date-time":"2020-02-23T21:29:43Z","timestamp":1582493383000},"page":"277-287","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":116,"title":["Widespread microbial mercury methylation genes in the global ocean"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Emilie","family":"Villar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Aix Marseille Universit\u00e9, Univ Toulon, CNRS, IRD, Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography (MIO) UM 110  13288 Marseille France"},{"name":"Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, Universit\u00e9 Pierre et Marie Curie \u2010 Paris 6, CNRS, UMR 7144 (AD2M), Station Biologique de Roscoff, Place Georges Teissier, CS90074  Roscoff 29688 France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0417-2021","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"L\u00e9a","family":"Cabrol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aix Marseille Universit\u00e9, Univ Toulon, CNRS, IRD, Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography (MIO) UM 110  13288 Marseille France"},{"name":"Instituto de Ecologia y Biodiversidad, Departamento de Ciencias Ecologicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile  Santiago de Chile Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0632-5183","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lars\u2010Eric","family":"Heimb\u00fcrger\u2010Boavida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aix Marseille Universit\u00e9, Univ Toulon, CNRS, IRD, Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography (MIO) UM 110  13288 Marseille France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.01666-14"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ismej.2013.96"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41561-018-0081-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ngeo1093"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Biotic formation of methylmercury: a bio\u2013physico\u2013chemical conundrum","volume":"9999","author":"Bravo A.G.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Limnol 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